使用ribbon实现负载均衡

Ribbon是基于Netfix Ribbon实现一套客户端 负载均衡的工具
简单来说，Ribbon主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法，将Netfix的中间服务连接在一起，Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等

LB 表示负载均衡

负载均衡算法

配置搭建
在microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80
在配置类中Configuration

package com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean //boot -->spring   applicationContext.xml --- @Configuration配置   ConfigBean = applicationContext.xml
{ 
	@Bean
	@LoadBalanced//Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端       负载均衡的工具。
	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
	{
		return new RestTemplate();
	}
	
 
	@Bean
	public IRule myRule()//表示改变Ribbon负载均衡的默认算法，默认是轮询
	{
		//return new RoundRobinRule();
		//return new RandomRule();//达到的目的，用我们重新选择的随机算法替代默认的轮询。
		return new RetryRule();
	}
}

在Controller中

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer
{

	//private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
	private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT"; //表示集成了eureka后使用服务名访问

	/**
	 * 使用 使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。 (url, requestMap,
	 * ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
	 */
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/add")
	public boolean add(Dept dept)
	{
		return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
	public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
	{
		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/get/" + id, Dept.class);
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/list")
	public List<Dept> list()
	{
		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/list", List.class);
	}

	// 测试@EnableDiscoveryClient,消费端可以调用服务发现
	@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/discovery")
	public Object discovery()
	{
		return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/discovery", Object.class);
	}

}

主启动类

package com.atguigu.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;

import com.atguigu.myrule.MySelfRule;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //表示将服务注册到eureka service中
//在启动该微服务的时候就能去加载我们的自定义Ribbon配置类，从而使配置生效
@RibbonClient(name="MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT",configuration=MySelfRule.class) //MySelfRule 为自定义规则
public class DeptConsumer80_App
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
	}
}

pom.xml 文件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<parent>
		<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>

	<artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
	<description>部门微服务消费者</description>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
			<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
			<version>${project.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Ribbon相关 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>


</project>

application.yml文件

server:
  port: 80
  
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url: 
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/  

扩展:自定义负载均衡算法，
注意不能和主启动类在同一包下

package com.atguigu.myrule;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RoundRobinRule;

@Configuration
public class MySelfRule
{
	@Bean
	public IRule myRule()
	{
		//return new RandomRule();// Ribbon默认是轮询，我自定义为随机
		//return new RoundRobinRule();// Ribbon默认是轮询，我自定义为随机
		
		return new RandomRule_ZY();// 我自定义为每台机器5次
	}
}

package com.atguigu.myrule;

import java.util.List;

import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.ILoadBalancer;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server;

public class RandomRule_ZY extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule
{

	// total = 0 // 当total==5以后，我们指针才能往下走，
	// index = 0 // 当前对外提供服务的服务器地址，
	// total需要重新置为零，但是已经达到过一个5次，我们的index = 1
	// 分析：我们5次，但是微服务只有8001 8002 8003 三台，OK？
	// 
	
	
	private int total = 0; 			// 总共被调用的次数，目前要求每台被调用5次
	private int currentIndex = 0;	// 当前提供服务的机器号

	public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key)
	{
		if (lb == null) {
			return null;
		}
		Server server = null;

		while (server == null) {
			if (Thread.interrupted()) {
				return null;
			}
			List<Server> upList = lb.getReachableServers();
			List<Server> allList = lb.getAllServers();

			int serverCount = allList.size();
			if (serverCount == 0) {
				/*
				 * No servers. End regardless of pass, because subsequent passes only get more
				 * restrictive.
				 */
				return null;
			}

//			int index = rand.nextInt(serverCount);// java.util.Random().nextInt(3);
//			server = upList.get(index);

			
//			private int total = 0; 			// 总共被调用的次数，目前要求每台被调用5次
//			private int currentIndex = 0;	// 当前提供服务的机器号
            if(total < 5)
            {
	            server = upList.get(currentIndex);
	            total++;
            }else {
	            total = 0;
	            currentIndex++;
	            if(currentIndex >= upList.size())
	            {
	              currentIndex = 0;
	            }
            }			
			
			
			if (server == null) {
				/*
				 * The only time this should happen is if the server list were somehow trimmed.
				 * This is a transient condition. Retry after yielding.
				 */
				Thread.yield();
				continue;
			}

			if (server.isAlive()) {
				return (server);
			}

			// Shouldn't actually happen.. but must be transient or a bug.
			server = null;
			Thread.yield();
		}

		return server;

	}

	@Override
	public Server choose(Object key)
	{
		return choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
	}

	@Override
	public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}
}

下面附上自己搭建的一个springboot+springCloud 项目案例

github下载链接:https://github.com/mochengyifen/springcloudproject.git
欢迎大家下载