python编程 从入门到实践 第八章 函数 及课后题

#char 8 函数
#定义函数
#第一类：无参数，无返回值类型
def greet_user():
	#greet function
	print('Hello')

greet_user()
#第二类：加入了一个参数：
def greet_user(username):
	#another greet function
	print("Hello "+username.title()+" !")
greet_user('jack')

#实参与形参的区别:
#形参：函数完成工作所需要的信息 
#实参：传递给函数的信息
#传递实参-位置实参,排序即与其输出有关
def describe_pet(animal_type,pet_name):
	print('\n I have a '+animal_type+" .")
	print('my '+animal_type+"'s name is "+pet_name.title())

describe_pet('dog','tom')
#关键字实参，即在输入参数的时候加上参数名字
describe_pet(animal_type='dog',pet_name='sarah')
#此时即可调换顺序了
describe_pet(pet_name='jackson',animal_type='pig')

#关于默认值,默认值要放在后一个参数里
def describe_pet(pet_name,animal_type='dog'):
	print('\n I have a '+animal_type+" .")
	print('my '+animal_type+"'s name is "+pet_name.title())

describe_pet(pet_name='jack')
describe_pet('jack')
#若为该参数提供了实参，则函数会忽视默认值
#8.3返回值
def get_formatted_name(firstname,lastname):
	full_name=firstname+" "+lastname
	return full_name.title()

a=get_formatted_name('jackson','chan')
print(a)
#让实参变成可选
#即让可选参数放在最后，用其等于空字符串即可，若有需要则加入该参数，若无需要就忽略
def get_formatted_name(firstname,lastname,middlename=''):
	if middlename:
		full_name=firstname+" "+middlename+' '+lastname
	else:
		full_name=firstname+" "+lastname
	return full_name.title()
a=get_formatted_name('john','lee','hooker')
b=get_formatted_name('jack','chan')
print(a)
print(b)
#返回字典
def build_preson(firstname,lastname):
	#接收参数封装到字典中
	person={'first':firstname,'last':lastname}
	return person
a=build_preson('jimi','hendrix')
print(a)

def build_another_person(firstname,lastname,age=''):
	person={'first':firstname,'last':lastname}
	if age:
		person['age']=age
	return person
a=build_another_person('jimi','hendrix',27)
print(a)
#函数和while结合循环
def get_formatted_name(firstname,lastname):
	full_name=firstname+" "+lastname
	return full_name.title()
while True:
	print('\n please tell me your name')
	print("(enter 'q' at any time to quit)")

	f_name=input('firstname')
	if f_name =='q' :
		break

	l_name=input('lastname')
	if l_name=='q':
		break
	formatted_name=get_formatted_name(f_name,l_name)
	print('\n Hello, '+formatted_name+'!')
#传递列表及在函数中修改列表
def greet_users(names):
	for name in names:
		msg='Hello, '+ name.title()+" !"
		print(msg)

username=['harry','ty','margot']

unprinted_design=['iphone case','robot pendant','dodecahedron']
completed_models=[]
while unprinted_design:
	current_design=unprinted_design.pop()
	print('printing model: '+current_design)
	completed_models.append(current_design)
print("\n The following models have been printed: ")
for completed_model in completed_models:
	print(completed_model)

#改变列表：
def print_models(unprinted_design,completed_models):
	while unprinted_design:
		current_design=unprinted_design.pop()
		print('printing models'+ current_design)
		completed_models.append(current_design)

def show_completed_models(completed_models):
	print('\n the following models have been printed:')
	for completed_model in completed_models:
		print(completed_model)
print_models(unprinted_design,completed_models)
show_completed_models(completed_models)
#由于采用了pop，会导致原列表被修改，如果不希望修改元列表，可以使用其副本
#既是list[:]，这可以保证原列表不会遭到改变而函数结果与原来一致
#8.5传递任意数量的实参
def make_pizza(*toppings):
	print(toppings)

make_pizza('mushroom','green been')

def make_pizza(*toppings):
	print('\n making a pizza with the following toppings:')
	for topping in toppings:
		print('-'+topping)

#结合位置参数
def make_pizza(size,*toppings):
	print('\n making a '+str(size) +'inch pizza with the following toppings:')
	for topping in toppings:
		print('-'+topping)
#使用任意数量的关键字实参
#**user_info相当于传入了一个字典
def build_profile(first,last,**user_info):
	profile={}
	profile['first_name']=first
	profile['last_name']=last
	for key,value in user_info.items():
		profile[key]=value
	return profile
#8-6将函数存储在模块中
#即在一个模块中写函数，在另一个模块中调用该模块
#eg:import pizza 还有 Import pizza as p
#或者从特定的模块中导入特定的函数
#from pizza import make_pizza 
#也可以用*导入某个模块的整个函数，即是from pizza import *

课后题

# char 8 homework
#8-1
def display_message():
	print("this session is learning function")

display_message()
#8-2
def favourite_book(title):
	print('one of my favourite books is '+ title.title())

favourite_book('harry potter')
#8-3
def make_shirt(size,logo):
	print('the shirt is '+size+" size and print"+logo)
make_shirt('middle','python')
make_shirt(size='middle',logo='python')
#8-4
def make_shirt(size='large',logo='i love python'):
	print('the shirt is '+size+" size and print "+logo)
make_shirt() 
make_shirt(size='middle')
make_shirt(logo='notebook')
#8-5
def describe_city(city_name,city_country='china'):
	print(city_name+" is belong to "+city_country)
describe_city('shanghai')
describe_city('hangzhou')
describe_city('Reykjavik',city_country='Iceland')
#8-6
def city_country(city,country):
	full=city+" , "+country
	return full
a=city_country('shanghai','china')
print(a)
#8-7
def make_album(singer_name,album_name,songs_number=""):
	message={}
	message['singer_name']=singer_name
	message['album_name']=album_name
	if songs_number:
		message['songs_number']=songs_number
	return message
a=make_album('sudalv',' chunriguang ',20)
print(a)
#8-8
while True:
	ablum_message={}
	print("\n please input the message of singer's name")
	print("(enter 'q' to quit)")
	singer_name=input("singer's name")
	if singer_name == 'q':
		break
	album_name=input("ablum's name")
	if album_name=='q':
		break
	songs_number=input('songs_number')
	if songs_number=='q':
		break
	elif songs_number=='':
		ablum_message=make_album(singer_name,album_name)
	else:
		number=songs_number
		ablum_message=make_album(singer_name,album_name,number)
	print(ablum_message)
#8-9
def show_magicians(magicians):
	for magician in magicians:
		print(magician.title())
magicians=['jay chou','liu qian','yifu']
show_magicians(magicians)
#8-10
def make_great(magicians):
	for index,magician in enumerate(magicians):
		magicians[index]='the great'+magician
	return magicians
a=make_great(magicians)
show_magicians(magicians)
#8-11
a=make_great(magicians[:])
show_magicians(magicians)
print(a)
#8-12
def making_sandwich(*toppings):
	print('your sandwich has following toppings')
	for topping in toppings:
		print(topping)
making_sandwich('pork','egg')
#8-13
#8-14
def make_car(name,factory,**car_info):
	car_mess={}
	car_mess['name']=name
	car_mess['factory']=factory
	for key,value in car_info.items():
		car_mess[key]=value
	return car_mess
a=make_car=('subaru','outback',color='blue',two_package=True)
print(a)