JDBC - 封装工具类（01）

封装工具类

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCUtil {

    static String driverClass = null;
    static String url = null;
    static String name = null;
    static String password= null;

    static{
        try {
            /*
             * 加载配置文件获得数据库的信息
             */
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            InputStream is = JDBCUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/jdbc.properties");
            properties.load(is);
            driverClass = properties.getProperty("driverClass");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
            name = properties.getProperty("name");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获得连接
     */
    public static Connection getConn(){
        System.out.println(driverClass);
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            /*
             * 不再使用 DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
             * 因为在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver()类中有一段静态代码块加载了他自己，如果再使用上面的代码会注册两次
             * 使用反射把com.mysql.jdbc.Driver()加载到JVM就自动注册驱动了
             */
            Class.forName(driverClass);
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, name, password);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }

    /**
     * 释放资源
     */
    public static void release(Connection conn , Statement st , ResultSet rs){
        closeRs(rs);
        closeSt(st);
        closeConn(conn);
    }

    //释放结果集
    private static void closeRs(ResultSet rs){
        try {
            if(rs != null){
                rs.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            rs = null;
        }
    }

    //释放Statement
    private static void closeSt(Statement st){
        try {
            if(st != null){
                st.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            st = null;
        }
    }

    //释放连接
    private static void closeConn(Connection conn){
        try {
            if(conn != null){
                conn.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            conn = null;
        }
    }
}

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

import com.utils.JDBCUtil;

public class TestUtils {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Connection conn = JDBCUtil.getConn();
        Statement sta = conn.createStatement();
        String sql = "select * from students";
        ResultSet query = sta.executeQuery(sql);
        while(query.next()){
            String id = query.getString("id");
            String name = query.getString("name");
            String clazz = query.getString("clazz");
            System.out.println(id + "  " + name + "  " + clazz);
        }
        JDBCUtil.release(null, sta, query);
    }
}

driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/jdbc-study
name=root
password=root

注册驱动的细节

其实在JDBC4.0之后不再需要写Class.forName(...);因为JDBC4.0之后，驱动包必须在指定位置包含java.sql.Driver文件，这样就可以自动加载驱动。原话如下：

JDBC 4.0 Drivers mustinclude the file META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver. This file contains the name of the JDBC driversimplementation of java.sql.Driver. For example, to load the my.sql.Driver class,the META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver file would contain the entry: 
 my.sql.Driver
Applications no longer need to explicitly load JDBC drivers using Class.forName(). Existing programswhich currently load JDBC drivers using Class.forName() will continue to work withoutmodification.