利用UDP协议实现两台电脑之间的信息交流

关于UDP：将数据及源和目的封装成数据包中，不需要建立连接；每个数据报的大小在限制在64k内；因无连接，是不可靠协议；不需要建立连接，速度快

使用udp协议主要涉及到两个类：DatagramSocket，DatagramPacket

DatagramSocket: 用于建立一个数据包的出口或入口，构造方法中有IP的都是用于接收方的

DatagramPacket: 用于包装数据，构造方法中有IP的都是用于发送方的

可以将其比作发送包裹，DatagramSocket就是快递公司，选择哪一个快递公司并不会影响包裹的发送；而DatagramPacket则是你的包裹，上面必须写明地址（IP）和门牌号（port:端口号）.

下面的程序，两台电脑各运行一个，只需要将IP改为接收方的IP，端口号改为你电脑上面空余的端口号（电脑的端口号是0--65535，1024以内是系统的，所以一般建议使用1024以外的端口号）

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Chat {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		DatagramSocket sendsocket = null;
		DatagramSocket receiceSocket = null;
		try {
			sendsocket = new DatagramSocket();
			receiceSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888,InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
		} catch (SocketException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		new Thread(new Send(sendsocket)).start();
		new Thread(new Receive(receiceSocket)).start();
	}
}
class Send implements Runnable{
	DatagramSocket socket = null;
	public Send(DatagramSocket socket) {
		this.socket = socket;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		DatagramPacket packet = null;
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		while(true) {
			String data = scanner.nextLine();
			if("over".equalsIgnoreCase(data)) {
				break;
			}
			buf = data.getBytes();
			try {
				//接收方的IP和端口号
				packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9999);
				socket.send(packet);
			} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		scanner.close();
	}
}
class Receive implements Runnable{
	DatagramSocket socket;
	public Receive(DatagramSocket socket) {
		this.socket = socket;
	}
	@Override
	public void run() {
		while(true) {
			byte[]buf = new byte[1024];
			DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);
			try {
				socket.receive(packet);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
				break;
			}
			String text = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength());
			String ip = packet.getAddress().getHostAddress();
			if("over".equalsIgnoreCase(text)) {
				break;
			}
			System.out.println(ip+" : "+text);
		}
		socket.close();
	}
	
}

-------------------------------#以下是补充内容，2018-10-16 #----------------------------------------

在发送端，要在数据包对象中明确目的地IP及端口

DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
byte[] by = “hello,udp”.getBytes();
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(by,0,by.length,
	InetAddress.getByName(“127.0.0.1”),10000);
ds.send(dp);
ds.close();

在接收端，要指定监听的端口

DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(10000);
byte[] by = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(by,by.length);
ds.receive(dp);
String str = new String(dp.getData(),0,dp.getLength());
System.out.println(str+"--"+dp.getAddress());
ds.close();