TensorFlow2简单入门-加载及预处理文本

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代码： 微信公众号「明天依旧可好」内回复 04
思维导图完整版： 回复 tf2思维导图

import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_datasets as tfds
import os

print(tf.__version__)
"""
输出：2.5.0-dev20201226
"""

数据下载

import pathlib

DIRECTORY_URL = 'https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/illiad/'
FILE_NAMES = ['cowper.txt', 'derby.txt', 'butler.txt']

for name in FILE_NAMES:
    text_dir = tf.keras.utils.get_file(name, origin=DIRECTORY_URL+name)
    print(text_dir)
    
parent_dir = os.path.dirname(text_dir)
"""
输出：
C:\Users\Administrator\.keras\datasets\cowper.txt
C:\Users\Administrator\.keras\datasets\derby.txt
C:\Users\Administrator\.keras\datasets\butler.txt
"""

将文本加载到数据集中

迭代整个文件，将整个文件加载到自己的数据集中。

每个样本都需要单独标记，所以请使用 tf.data.Dataset.map 来为每个样本设定标签。这将迭代数据集中的每一个样本并且返回（ example, label ）对。

def labeler(example, index):
    return example, tf.cast(index, tf.int64)  

labeled_data_sets = []

for i, file_name in enumerate(FILE_NAMES):
    lines_dataset = tf.data.TextLineDataset(os.path.join(parent_dir, file_name))
    labeled_dataset = lines_dataset.map(lambda ex: labeler(ex, i))
    labeled_data_sets.append(labeled_dataset)

将这些标记的数据集合并到一个数据集中，然后对其进行随机化操作。

BUFFER_SIZE = 50000

#将所有数据合并到一个数据集当中
all_labeled_data = labeled_data_sets[0]
for labeled_dataset in labeled_data_sets[1:]:
    all_labeled_data = all_labeled_data.concatenate(labeled_dataset)

#将数据进行打乱
all_labeled_data = all_labeled_data.shuffle(
    BUFFER_SIZE, reshuffle_each_iteration=False)

#显示前5条数据
for ex in all_labeled_data.take(5):
    print(ex)
"""
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=string, numpy=b'Instructed duly, and himself, his steps'>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=0>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=string, numpy=b'not forget the threat that he had made Achilles, and called his trusty'>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=string, numpy=b"Standing encompass'd by his dauntless troops,">, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=0>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=string, numpy=b'held Oechalia, the city of Oechalian Eurytus, these were commanded by'>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=string, numpy=b'him."'>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>)
"""

将文本编码成数字

建立词汇表

#features这个模块已经被官方弃用，等待更新吧
# tokenizer = tfds.features.text.Tokenizer()
#可暂时使用下面这个进行调用
tokenizer = tfds.deprecated.text.Tokenizer()

vocabulary_set = set()
for text_tensor, _ in all_labeled_data:
    some_tokens = tokenizer.tokenize(text_tensor.numpy())
    vocabulary_set.update(some_tokens)

vocab_size = len(vocabulary_set)
vocab_size
"""
输出：17178
"""

通过传递 vocabulary_set 到 tfds.features.text.TokenTextEncoder 来构建一个编码器。编码器的 encode 方法传入一行文本，返回一个整数列表。

encoder = tfds.deprecated.text.TokenTextEncoder(vocabulary_set)

def encode(text_tensor, label):
    encoded_text = encoder.encode(text_tensor.numpy())
    return encoded_text, label

def encode_map_fn(text, label):
    #py_func不能设置返回的tensors的shape
    encoded_text, label = tf.py_function(encode, 
                                       inp=[text, label], 
                                       Tout=(tf.int64, tf.int64))
    encoded_text.set_shape([None])
    label.set_shape([])
    return encoded_text, label

all_encoded_data = all_labeled_data.map(encode_map_fn)

#显示前5条数据
for ex in all_encoded_data.take(5):
    print(ex)
"""
输出：
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(6,), dtype=int64, numpy=array([ 2724,  4813, 14154,  7272, 12376, 16442], dtype=int64)>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=0>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(13,), dtype=int64, numpy=
array([12719,  5246,  4778,  6683,   411, 11103,  4013, 14029, 13412,
       14154, 14991, 12376,  4255], dtype=int64)>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(7,), dtype=int64, numpy=array([14472, 14592,  8885,  4068, 12376, 16337, 11432], dtype=int64)>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=0>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(11,), dtype=int64, numpy=
array([10492,  5873,  4778, 14421, 15779,  9325,  4625, 15330,  9176,
        2358,  4068], dtype=int64)>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>)
(<tf.Tensor: shape=(1,), dtype=int64, numpy=array([4992], dtype=int64)>, <tf.Tensor: shape=(), dtype=int64, numpy=2>)
"""

注： 本文参考了官网并对其进行了删减以及部分注释与修改