SpringCloud之Zuul(路由网关)

一、Zuul简介

1.1、概述

Zuul is a gateway service that provides dynamic routing, monitoring, resiliency, security, and more.

Zuul是一种网关服务，可提供动态路由，监控，弹性，安全性等。

GitHub:https://github.com/Netflix/zuul

1.2、主要功能

二、Zuul的快速入门

2.1、引入相关的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud_Demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>cn.waggag.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>zuul_service</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!--引入zuul的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--引入eureka的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

</project>

2.2、启动类开启注解

//开启Zuul的代理
@EnableZuulProxy

2.3、配置文件中的基本配置

server:
  port: 9000
spring:
  application:
    name: zuul-service

#配置注册的eureka
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8083/eureka/
#配置网关
zuul:
  routes:
    #简化配置，配置需要的路径
    user-service: /**
  #配置不想暴露的服务
  ignored-services:
    - consumer-service

三、Zuul的过滤器

        Zuul作为网关的其中一个重要功能，就是实现请求的鉴权。而这个我们往往是通过Zuul提供的过滤器来实现的。

3.1、编写一个简单的登陆过滤器

package cn.waggag.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Component
public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {


    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return FilterConstants.PRE_DECORATION_FILTER_ORDER;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        //获取请求上下文
        RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest();
        //获取请求参数
        String token = request.getParameter("access-token");
        //判断是否存在
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(token)){
            //不存在，拦截
            requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            //返回403
            requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

3.2、访问不带token

3.3、访问携带token

      

3.4、负载均衡和熔断

Zuul中默认已经集成了Ribbon负载均衡和Hystrix熔断器,但是所有的都是默认值，比较短，必须手动设置较大的值

#设置hystrix的超时时间
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
#配置ribbon的超时
ribbon:
  ConnectionTimeout: 5000
  ReadTimeout: 2000
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 0    #不重试

3.5、Zuul的高可用

        启动多个Zuul的服务，自动注册到Eureka，形成集群。