《java核心技术卷Ⅰ》第四章：对象与类

使用预定义类

• CalendarTest.java

package 使用预定义类;

import java.time.*;

public class CalendarTest {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
		int month = date.getMonthValue();
		int today = date.getDayOfMonth();
		
		date = date.minusDays(today - 1);	//Set to start of month
		DayOfWeek weekday = date.getDayOfWeek();
		int value = weekday.getValue();	//1 = Monday, ...7 = Sunday
		
		System.out.println("Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun");
		for(int i = 1; i < value; i++) {
			System.out.print("     ");
		}
		while(date.getMonthValue() == month) {
			System.out.printf("%3d", date.getDayOfMonth());
			if(date.getDayOfMonth() == today)
				System.out.print("*");
			else
				System.out.print(" ");
			date = date.plusDays(1);
			if(date.getDayOfWeek().getValue() == 1) System.out.println();
		}
		if(date.getDayOfWeek().getValue() != 1) System.out.println();
	}
}

用户自定义类

• EmployeeTest.java

package 用户自定义类;

import java.time.*;

public class EmployeeTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
		//fill the staff array with three Employee objects
		Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
		
		staff[0] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
		staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
		staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
		
		//raise everyone's salary by %5
		for(Employee e : staff)
			e.raiseSalary(5);
		
		//print out info about all Employee objects
		for(Employee e : staff)
			System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
								+ e.getHireDay());
		
	}
}

class Employee {
	private String name;
	private double salary;
	private LocalDate hireDay;
	
	public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) {
		name = n;
		salary = s;
		hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	
	public LocalDate getHireDay() {
		return hireDay;
	}
	
	public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
		double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
		salary += raise;
	}
}

静态域与静态方法

• StaticTest.java

public class StaticTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//fill the staff array with three Employee objects
		Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
		
		staff[0] = new Employee("Tom", 40000);
		staff[1] = new Employee("Dick", 60000);
		staff[2] = new Employee("Harry", 65000);
		
		//print out information about all Employee objects
		for(Employee e : staff) {
			e.setId();
			System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",id=" + e.getId() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
		}
		
		int n = Employee.getNextId();	//calls static method
		System.out.println("Next available id=" + n);
	}
}

class Employee{
	private static int nextId = 1;
	
	private String name;
	private double salary;
	private int id;
	
	public Employee(String n, double s) {
		name = n;
		salary = s;
		id = 0;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	
	public void setId() {
		id = nextId; 	//set id to next avaliable id
		nextId++;
	}
	
	public static int getNextId() {
		return nextId;	//return static field
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {	//unit test
		Employee e = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
		System.out.println(e.getName() + " " + e.getSalary());
	}
}

方法参数

• ParamTest.java

package 方法参数;

public class ParamTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		/*
		 * Test 1: Methods can't modify numeric parameters
		 */
		System.out.println("Testing tripleValue:");
		double percent = 10;
		System.out.println("Before: percent=" + percent);
		tripValue(percent);
		System.out.println("After: percent=" + percent);
		
		/*
		 * Test 2: Methods can change the state of object parameters
		 */
		System.out.println("\nTesting tripleSalary:");
		Employee harry = new Employee("Harry", 50000);
		System.out.println("Before: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
		tripleSalary(harry);
		System.out.println("After: salary=" + harry.getSalary());
		
		/*
		 * Test 3: Methods can't attach new objects to object parameters
		 */
		System.out.println("\nTesting swap:");
		Employee a = new Employee("Alice", 70000);
		Employee b = new Employee("Bob", 60000);
		System.out.println("Before: a=" + a.getName());
		System.out.println("Before: b=" + b.getName());
		swap(a, b);
		System.out.println("After: a=" + a.getName());
		System.out.println("After: b=" + b.getName());
	}
	
	public static void tripValue(double x) {	//doesn't work
		x = 3 * x;
		System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x);
	}
	
	public static void tripleSalary(Employee x) {	//works
		x.raiseSalary(200);
		System.out.println("End of method: salary=" + x.getSalary());
	}
	
	public static void swap(Employee x, Employee y) {
		Employee temp = x;
		x = y;
		y = temp;
		System.out.println("End of method: x=" + x.getName());
		System.out.println("End of method: y=" + y.getName());
	}

}

class Employee{
	private String name;
	private double salary;
	
	public Employee(String n, double s) {
		name = n;
		salary = s;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	
	public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
		double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
		salary += raise;
	}
}

对象构造

• ConstructorTest.java

package 对象构造;

import java.util.Random;

public class ConstructorTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//fill the staff array with three Employee objects
		Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];
		
		staff[0] = new Employee("Harry", 40000);
		staff[1] = new Employee(60000);
		staff[2] = new Employee();
		
		//print out information about all Employee objects
		for(Employee e : staff){
			System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",id=" + e.getId() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary());
		}
	}
}

class Employee{
	private static int nextId;
	
	private int id;
	private String name = "";	//实例域初始化
	private double salary;
	
	//静态初始化块
	static {
		Random generator = new Random();
		nextId = generator.nextInt(10000);
	}
	
	//对象初始化块
	{
		id = nextId;
		nextId++;
	}
	
	//三个重载构造函数
	public Employee(String n, double s) {
		name = n;
		salary = s;
	}
	
	public Employee(double s) {
		//调用 Employee(String, double)
		this("Employee #" + nextId, s);
	}
	
	//默认构造函数
	public Employee() {
		//name initalized to "" 
		//salary not explicitly set - initialized to 0
		//id initialized in initialization block
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
}

包

• Employee.java

package com.horstmann.corejava;

import java.time.*;

public class Employee {

	private String name;
	private double salary;
	private LocalDate hireDay;
	
	public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) {
		this.name = name;
		this.salary = salary;
		hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}
	
	public LocalDate getHireDay() {
		return hireDay;
	}
	
	public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
		double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
		salary += raise;
	}
}

• PackageTest.java

import com.horstmann.corejava.*;
import static java.lang.System.*;

public class PackageTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//because of the import statement, we don't have to use com.horstmann.corejava.Employee here
		Employee harry = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
		
		harry.raiseSalary(5);
		
		//because of the static import statement, we don't have to use System.out here
		out.println("name=" + harry.getName() + ",salary=" + harry.getSalary());
	}
}