项目场景:
分析:
在我们的软件中,避雷针设计是重中之重;它在不同的建筑物中,可以选取最佳点来放置避雷针并且覆盖整个需要避雷的建筑物,那么它是如何实现的呢?我在反复使用反复观察该方式,从简单到复杂的地形中摸索,最后将其转化成一个数学难题。
那就是假设我们有一个不规则图形,如果我想用n个半径为r的小圆去遮罩整个图形,小圆可重叠,首先确保遮罩完该不规则图形,其次用最少的圆,该怎么确定每个小圆中心点和小圆的个数?如果能够解决这个难题,那么我们的避雷针放置问题答案就显而易见了;
解析思路:
- 计算不规则图形的边界框(Bounding Box)。
- 在边界框内生成多个候选的圆心(小圆中心点)。
- 筛选出那些在不规则图形内部的候选圆心。
- 循环处理,直到所有点都被覆盖,从候选圆心中选择最优的圆心,并更新剩余待处理的点。
代码实现:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>圆形覆盖问题</h1>
<span>
在js中,有一个不规则图形,如果我想用n个半径为r的小圆去遮罩整个图形,小圆可重叠,首先确保遮罩完该不规则图形,其次用最少的圆,该怎么确定每个小圆中心点和小圆的个数
</span>
</div>
<script>
// 找到边界框
function fillIrregularShape(shapePoints, radius) {
const boundingBox = getBoundingBox(shapePoints);
// 生成候选圆心点
const candidateCenters = [];
for (let x = boundingBox.minX; x <= boundingBox.maxX; x += radius * Math.sqrt(2)) {
for (let y = boundingBox.minY; y <= boundingBox.maxY; y += radius * Math.sqrt(2)) {
candidateCenters.push({ x, y });
}
}
// 筛选出在不规则图形内部的候选圆心点
const validCenters = candidateCenters.filter(center => isPointInsideShape(center, shapePoints));
const selectedCenters = [];
// 待覆盖的点集合
let pointsToCover = [...shapePoints];
// 迭代处理直到所有点被覆盖
while (pointsToCover.length > 0) {
const center = selectOptimalCenter(validCenters, pointsToCover, radius);
if (!center) {
console.warn("没有找到可以覆盖更多点的圆心。这种情况不应该发生,请检查算法。");
break;
}
selectedCenters.push(center);
// 更新剩余未被覆盖的点集合
pointsToCover = pointsToCover.filter(point => !isPointCovered(point, center, radius));
// 从候选圆心点中移除已选圆心点
const centerIndex = validCenters.indexOf(center);
if (centerIndex > -1) {
validCenters.splice(centerIndex, 1);
} else {
console.warn("尝试移除的圆心点在候选列表中不存在。这种情况不应该发生,请检查算法。");
}
}
return selectedCenters;
}
function getBoundingBox(points) {
const minX = Math.min(...points.map(p => p.x));
const maxX = Math.max(...points.map(p => p.x));
const minY = Math.min(...points.map(p => p.y));
const maxY = Math.max(...points.map(p => p.y));
return { minX, maxX, minY, maxY };
}
// 使用射线法判断点是否在多边形内
function isPointInsideShape(point, shapePoints) {
let inside = false;
for (let i = 0, j = shapePoints.length - 1; i < shapePoints.length; j = i++) {
const xi = shapePoints[i].x, yi = shapePoints[i].y;
const xj = shapePoints[j].x, yj = shapePoints[j].y;
const intersect = ((yi > point.y) !== (yj > point.y)) &&
(point.x < (xj - xi) * (point.y - yi) / (yj - yi) + xi);
if (intersect) inside = !inside;
}
return inside;
}
function isPointCovered(point, center, radius) {
const dx = point.x - center.x;
const dy = point.y - center.y;
return (dx * dx + dy * dy) <= (radius * radius);
}
function selectOptimalCenter(validCenters, pointsToCover, radius) {
let maxCoverage = 0;
let optimalCenter = null;
for (const center of validCenters) {
const coverage = pointsToCover.filter(point => isPointCovered(point, center, radius)).length;
if (coverage > maxCoverage) {
maxCoverage = coverage;
optimalCenter = center;
}
}
return optimalCenter;
}
// 示例使用
const shapePoints = [
{ x: 0, y: 0 },
{ x: 10, y: 0 },
{ x: 10, y: 10 },
{ x: 0, y: 10 },
// 可以添加更多的不规则点
];
const radius = 5; // 半径为5的小圆
const circleCenters = fillIrregularShape(shapePoints, radius);
console.log(`所需的小圆个数:${circleCenters.length}`);
console.log(`小圆的中心点:`, circleCenters);
</script>
</body>
</html>