epoll原理详解及epoll反应堆模型

  设想一个场景：有100万用户同时与一个进程保持着TCP连接，而每一时刻只有几十个或几百个TCP连接是活跃的(接收TCP包)，也就是说在每一时刻进程只需要处理这100万连接中的一小部分连接。那么，如何才能高效的处理这种场景呢？进程是否在每次询问操作系统收集有事件发生的TCP连接时，把这100万个连接告诉操作系统，然后由操作系统找出其中有事件发生的几百个连接呢？实际上，在Linux2.4版本以前，那时的select或者poll事件驱动方式是这样做的。

  这里有个非常明显的问题，即在某一时刻，进程收集有事件的连接时，其实这100万连接中的大部分都是没有事件发生的。因此如果每次收集事件时，都把100万连接的套接字传给操作系统(这首先是用户态内存到内核态内存的大量复制)，而由操作系统内核寻找这些连接上有没有未处理的事件，将会是巨大的资源浪费，然后select和poll就是这样做的，因此它们最多只能处理几千个并发连接。而epoll不这样做，它在Linux内核中申请了一个简易的文件系统，把原先的一个select或poll调用分成了3部分：

int epoll_create(int size);  
int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);  
int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events,int maxevents, int timeout);  

   
   

   
   
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1. 调用epoll_create建立一个epoll对象(在epoll文件系统中给这个句柄分配资源)；

2. 调用epoll_ctl向epoll对象中添加这100万个连接的套接字；

3. 调用epoll_wait收集发生事件的连接。

  这样只需要在进程启动时建立1个epoll对象，并在需要的时候向它添加或删除连接就可以了，因此，在实际收集事件时，epoll_wait的效率就会非常高，因为调用epoll_wait时并没有向它传递这100万个连接，内核也不需要去遍历全部的连接。

一、epoll原理详解

  当某一进程调用epoll_create方法时，Linux内核会创建一个eventpoll结构体，这个结构体中有两个成员与epoll的使用方式密切相关，如下所示：

struct eventpoll {
　　...
　　/*红黑树的根节点，这棵树中存储着所有添加到epoll中的事件，
　　也就是这个epoll监控的事件*/
　　struct rb_root rbr;
　　/*双向链表rdllist保存着将要通过epoll_wait返回给用户的、满足条件的事件*/
　　struct list_head rdllist;
　　...
};

   
   

   
   
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  我们在调用epoll_create时，内核除了帮我们在epoll文件系统里建了个file结点，在内核cache里建了个红黑树用于存储以后epoll_ctl传来的socket外，还会再建立一个rdllist双向链表，用于存储准备就绪的事件，当epoll_wait调用时，仅仅观察这个rdllist双向链表里有没有数据即可。有数据就返回，没有数据就sleep，等到timeout时间到后即使链表没数据也返回。所以，epoll_wait非常高效。

  所有添加到epoll中的事件都会与设备(如网卡)驱动程序建立回调关系，也就是说相应事件的发生时会调用这里的回调方法。这个回调方法在内核中叫做ep_poll_callback，它会把这样的事件放到上面的rdllist双向链表中。

  在epoll中对于每一个事件都会建立一个epitem结构体，如下所示：

struct epitem {
　　...
　　//红黑树节点
　　struct rb_node rbn;
　　//双向链表节点
　　struct list_head rdllink;
　　//事件句柄等信息
　　struct epoll_filefd ffd;
　　//指向其所属的eventepoll对象
　　struct eventpoll *ep;
　　//期待的事件类型
　　struct epoll_event event;
　　...
}; // 这里包含每一个事件对应着的信息。

   
   

   
   
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  当调用epoll_wait检查是否有发生事件的连接时，只是检查eventpoll对象中的rdllist双向链表是否有epitem元素而已，如果rdllist链表不为空，则这里的事件复制到用户态内存（使用共享内存提高效率）中，同时将事件数量返回给用户。因此epoll_waitx效率非常高。epoll_ctl在向epoll对象中添加、修改、删除事件时，从rbr红黑树中查找事件也非常快，也就是说epoll是非常高效的，它可以轻易地处理百万级别的并发连接。

【总结】：

  一颗红黑树，一张准备就绪句柄链表，少量的内核cache，就帮我们解决了大并发下的socket处理问题。

• 执行epoll_create()时，创建了红黑树和就绪链表；

• 执行epoll_ctl()时，如果增加socket句柄，则检查在红黑树中是否存在，存在立即返回，不存在则添加到树干上，然后向内核注册回调函数，用于当中断事件来临时向准备就绪链表中插入数据；

• 执行epoll_wait()时立刻返回准备就绪链表里的数据即可。
  

二、epoll的两种触发模式

  epoll有EPOLLLT和EPOLLET两种触发模式，LT是默认的模式，ET是“高速”模式。

• LT（水平触发）模式下，只要这个文件描述符还有数据可读，每次 epoll_wait都会返回它的事件，提醒用户程序去操作；

• ET（边缘触发）模式下，在它检测到有 I/O 事件时，通过 epoll_wait 调用会得到有事件通知的文件描述符，对于每一个被通知的文件描述符，如可读，则必须将该文件描述符一直读到空，让 errno 返回 EAGAIN 为止，否则下次的 epoll_wait 不会返回余下的数据，会丢掉事件。如果ET模式不是非阻塞的，那这个一直读或一直写势必会在最后一次阻塞。

  还有一个特点是，epoll使用“事件”的就绪通知方式，通过epoll_ctl注册fd，一旦该fd就绪，内核就会采用类似callback的回调机制来激活该fd，epoll_wait便可以收到通知。

【epoll为什么要有EPOLLET触发模式？】：

  如果采用EPOLLLT模式的话，系统中一旦有大量你不需要读写的就绪文件描述符，它们每次调用epoll_wait都会返回，这样会大大降低处理程序检索自己关心的就绪文件描述符的效率.。而采用EPOLLET这种边缘触发模式的话，当被监控的文件描述符上有可读写事件发生时，epoll_wait()会通知处理程序去读写。如果这次没有把数据全部读写完(如读写缓冲区太小)，那么下次调用epoll_wait()时，它不会通知你，也就是它只会通知你一次，直到该文件描述符上出现第二次可读写事件才会通知你！！！这种模式比水平触发效率高，系统不会充斥大量你不关心的就绪文件描述符。

【总结】：

• ET模式（边缘触发）只有数据到来才触发，不管缓存区中是否还有数据，缓冲区剩余未读尽的数据不会导致epoll_wait返回；

• LT 模式（水平触发，默认）只要有数据都会触发，缓冲区剩余未读尽的数据会导致epoll_wait返回。

三、epoll反应堆模型

【epoll模型原来的流程】：

epoll_create(); // 创建监听红黑树
epoll_ctl(); // 向书上添加监听fd
epoll_wait(); // 监听
有监听fd事件发送--->返回监听满足数组--->判断返回数组元素--->
lfd满足accept--->返回cfd---->read()读数据--->write()给客户端回应。

   
   

   
   
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【epoll反应堆模型的流程】：

epoll_create(); // 创建监听红黑树
epoll_ctl(); // 向书上添加监听fd
epoll_wait(); // 监听
有客户端连接上来--->lfd调用acceptconn()--->将cfd挂载到红黑树上监听其读事件--->
epoll_wait()返回cfd--->cfd回调recvdata()--->将cfd摘下来监听写事件--->
epoll_wait()返回cfd--->cfd回调senddata()--->将cfd摘下来监听读事件--->...--->

   
   

   
   
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【Demo】：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#define MAX_EVENTS 1024 /监听上限/
#define BUFLEN 4096 /缓存区大小/
#define SERV_PORT 6666 /端口号/

void recvdata(int fd,int events,void arg);
void senddata(int fd,int events,void arg);

/描述就绪文件描述符的相关信息/
struct myevent_s
{
int fd; //要监听的文件描述符
int events; //对应的监听事件，EPOLLIN和EPLLOUT
void arg; //指向自己结构体指针
void (call_back)(int fd,int events,void *arg); //回调函数
int status; //是否在监听:1->在红黑树上(监听), 0->不在(不监听)
char buf[BUFLEN];
int len;
long last_active; //记录每次加入红黑树 g_efd 的时间值
};

int g_efd; //全局变量，作为红黑树根
struct myevent_s g_events[MAX_EVENTS+1]; //自定义结构体类型数组. +1–>listen fd

/*

• 封装一个自定义事件，包括fd，这个fd的回调函数，还有一个额外的参数项
• 注意：在封装这个事件的时候，为这个事件指明了回调函数，一般来说，一个fd只对一个特定的事件
• 感兴趣，当这个事件发生的时候，就调用这个回调函数
  /
  void eventset(struct myevent_s ev, int fd, void (call_back)(int fd,int events,void arg), void *arg)
  {
  ev->fd = fd;
  ev->call_back = call_back;
  ev->events = 0;
  ev->arg = arg;
  ev->status = 0;
  if(ev->len <= 0)
  {
  memset(ev->buf, 0, sizeof(ev->buf));
  ev->len = 0;
  }
  ev->last_active = time(NULL); //调用eventset函数的时间
  return;
  }

/* 向 epoll监听的红黑树 添加一个文件描述符 /
void eventadd(int efd, int events, struct myevent_s ev)
{
struct epoll_event epv={0, {0}};
int op = 0;
epv.data.ptr = ev; // ptr指向一个结构体（之前的epoll模型红黑树上挂载的是文件描述符cfd和lfd，现在是ptr指针）
epv.events = ev->events = events; //EPOLLIN 或 EPOLLOUT
if(ev->status == 0) //status 说明文件描述符是否在红黑树上 0不在，1 在
{
op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD; //将其加入红黑树 g_efd, 并将status置1
ev->status = 1;
}
if(epoll_ctl(efd, op, ev->fd, &epv) < 0) // 添加一个节点
printf(“event add failed [fd=%d],events[%d]\n”, ev->fd, events);
else
printf(“event add OK [fd=%d],events[%0X]\n”, ev->fd, events);
return;
}

/* 从epoll 监听的 红黑树中删除一个文件描述符*/
void eventdel(int efd,struct myevent_s *ev)
{
struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}};
if(ev->status != 1) //如果fd没有添加到监听树上，就不用删除，直接返回
return;
epv.data.ptr = NULL;
ev->status = 0;
epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &epv);
return;
}

/* 当有文件描述符就绪, epoll返回, 调用该函数与客户端建立链接 /
void acceptconn(int lfd,int events,void arg)
{
struct sockaddr_in cin;
socklen_t len = sizeof(cin);
int cfd, i;
if((cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cin, &len)) -1)
{
if(errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR)
{
sleep(1);
}
printf("%s:accept,%s\n",func, strerror(errno));
return;
}
do
{
for(i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++) //从全局数组g_events中找一个空闲元素，类似于select中找值为-1的元素
{
if(g_events[i].status 0)
break;
}
if(i == MAX_EVENTS) // 超出连接数上限
{
printf("%s: max connect limit[%d]\n", func, MAX_EVENTS);
break;
}
int flag = 0;
if((flag = fcntl(cfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) //将cfd也设置为非阻塞
{
printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %s\n", func, strerror(errno));
break;
}
eventset(&g_events[i], cfd, recvdata, &g_events[i]); //找到合适的节点之后，将其添加到监听树中，并监听读事件
eventadd(g_efd, EPOLLIN, &g_events[i]);
}while(0);

<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"new connect[%s:%d],[time:%ld],pos[%d]"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token function">inet_ntoa</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin_addr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">ntohs</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin_port<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> g_events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>last_active<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

/读取客户端发过来的数据的函数/
void recvdata(int fd, int events, void arg)
{
struct myevent_s ev = (struct myevent_s *)arg;
int len;

len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">recv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>buf<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>buf<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>    <span class="token comment">//读取客户端发过来的数据</span>

<span class="token function">eventdel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>                            <span class="token comment">//将该节点从红黑树上摘除</span>

<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>len <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>len <span class="token operator">=</span> len<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>buf<span class="token punctuation">[</span>len<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'\0'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>                        <span class="token comment">//手动添加字符串结束标记</span>
    <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"C[%d]:%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>buf<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>                  

    <span class="token function">eventset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> senddata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>             <span class="token comment">//设置该fd对应的回调函数为senddata    </span>
    <span class="token function">eventadd</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> EPOLLOUT<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>              <span class="token comment">//将fd加入红黑树g_efd中,监听其写事件    </span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
<span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>len <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">/* ev-g_events 地址相减得到偏移元素位置 */</span>
    <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"[fd=%d] pos[%ld], closed\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span>g_events<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> 
<span class="token keyword">else</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> errno<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">strerror</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>errno<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>   
<span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

/发送给客户端数据/
void senddata(int fd, int events, void arg)
{
struct myevent_s ev = (struct myevent_s *)arg;
int len;

len <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>buf<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>len<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>    <span class="token comment">//直接将数据回射给客户端</span>

<span class="token function">eventdel</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>                    <span class="token comment">//从红黑树g_efd中移除</span>

<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>len <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> len<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>buf<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">eventset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> recvdata<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>     <span class="token comment">//将该fd的回调函数改为recvdata</span>
    <span class="token function">eventadd</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> EPOLLIN<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>       <span class="token comment">//重新添加到红黑树上，设为监听读事件</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">else</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>                      <span class="token comment">//关闭链接</span>
    <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"send[fd=%d] error %s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">strerror</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>errno<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

/*创建 socket, 初始化lfd */

void initlistensocket(int efd, short port)
{
struct sockaddr_in sin;

<span class="token keyword">int</span> lfd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">socket</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>AF_INET<span class="token punctuation">,</span> SOCK_STREAM<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">fcntl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lfd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> F_SETFL<span class="token punctuation">,</span> O_NONBLOCK<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>                <span class="token comment">//将socket设为非阻塞</span>

<span class="token function">memset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>               <span class="token comment">//bzero(&amp;sin, sizeof(sin))</span>
sin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin_family <span class="token operator">=</span> AF_INET<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
sin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin_addr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>s_addr <span class="token operator">=</span> INADDR_ANY<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
sin<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sin_port <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">htons</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>port<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lfd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">struct</span> sockaddr <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">sizeof</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sin<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lfd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">/* void eventset(struct myevent_s *ev, int fd, void (*call_back)(int, int, void *), void *arg);  */</span>
<span class="token function">eventset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span>g_events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>MAX_EVENTS<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> lfd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> acceptconn<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>g_events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>MAX_EVENTS<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>    

<span class="token comment">/* void eventadd(int efd, int events, struct myevent_s *ev) */</span>
<span class="token function">eventadd</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> EPOLLIN<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span>g_events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>MAX_EVENTS<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//将lfd添加到监听树上，监听读事件</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

int main()
{
int port=SERV_PORT;

g_efd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">epoll_create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>MAX_EVENTS <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//创建红黑树,返回给全局 g_efd</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"create efd in %s err %s\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__func__</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">strerror</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>errno<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">initlistensocket</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> port<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//初始化监听socket</span>

<span class="token keyword">struct</span> epoll_event events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>MAX_EVENTS <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  <span class="token comment">//定义这个结构体数组，用来接收epoll_wait传出的满足监听事件的fd结构体</span>
<span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"server running:port[%d]\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> port<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">int</span> checkpos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">/*    long now = time(NULL);
    for(i=0; i &lt; 100; i++, checkpos++)
    {
        if(checkpos == MAX_EVENTS);
            checkpos = 0;
        if(g_events[checkpos].status != 1)
            continue;
        long duration = now -g_events[checkpos].last_active;
        if(duration &gt;= 60)
        {
            close(g_events[checkpos].fd);
            printf("[fd=%d] timeout\n", g_events[checkpos].fd);
            eventdel(g_efd, &amp;g_events[checkpos]);
        }
    } */</span>
    <span class="token comment">//调用eppoll_wait等待接入的客户端事件,epoll_wait传出的是满足监听条件的那些fd的struct epoll_event类型</span>
    <span class="token keyword">int</span> nfd <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">epoll_wait</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>g_efd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> events<span class="token punctuation">,</span> MAX_EVENTS<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>nfd <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">printf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"epoll_wait error, exit\n"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> nfd<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	    <span class="token comment">//evtAdd()函数中，添加到监听树中监听事件的时候将myevents_t结构体类型给了ptr指针</span>
        <span class="token comment">//这里epoll_wait返回的时候，同样会返回对应fd的myevents_t类型的指针</span>
        <span class="token keyword">struct</span> myevent_s <span class="token operator">*</span>ev <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">struct</span> myevent_s <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ptr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">//如果监听的是读事件，并返回的是读事件</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>events <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> EPOLLIN<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>events <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> EPOLLIN<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">call_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>events<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token comment">//如果监听的是写事件，并返回的是写事件</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>events <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> EPOLLOUT<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>events <span class="token operator">&amp;</span> EPOLLOUT<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">call_back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>fd<span class="token punctuation">,</span> events<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>events<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ev<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span>arg<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

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