python爬虫——re库（正则）

1.re.match

re.match尝试从字符创的起始位置匹配一个模式，如果不是起始位置匹配成功的话，就会返回None。

re.match(pattern,string,flags=0)

2.最常规的匹配

import re
content = 'Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^Hello\s\d{3}\s\d{4}\s\w{10}.*Demo$',content)
print(result)

3.范匹配

import re
content = 'Hello 123 4567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^Hello.*Demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group())
print(result.span())

4.匹配目标

import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('Hello\s(\d+)\sWorld.*Demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.span())

5.贪婪匹配

import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*(\d+).*Demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.span())

6.非贪婪模式

import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*Demo$',content)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.span())

7.匹配模式

import re
content = 'Hello 1234567 World_This
is a Regex Demo'
result = re.match('^He.*?(\d+).*Demo$',content，re.S)
print(result)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.span())

8.转义

import re
content = 'price is $500'
result = re.match('price is $500',content)
print(result)
#结果为None

import re
content = 'price is $5.00'
result = re.match('price is \$5\.00',content)
print(result)#有结果

tip:尽量使用范匹配，使用括号得到匹配目标，尽量使用非贪婪模式，有换行符就用re.S

9.re.search

re.search扫描整个字符串并返回第一个成功的匹配

import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
result = re.match('Hello.*?(d+).*?Demo',content)
print(result)#结果为None

import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
result = re.search('Hello.*?(\d+).*?Demo',content)
print(result.group(1))#结果为1234567

10.re.findall

搜索字符串，以列表形式返回全不能匹配的字符串。

11.re.sub

替换字符串中每一个匹配的字符串后返回替换的字符串。

import re
content = 'Extra stings Hello 1234567 World_This is a Regex Demo Extra stings'
content = re.sub('\d+',content)
print(content)