0x01 自定义类加载器
自定义类加载器加载一个类需要:继承ClassLoader,重写findClass,如果不想打破双亲委派模型,那么只需要重写findClass;如果想打破双亲委派模型,那么就重写整个loadClass方法,设定自己的类加载逻辑
方法一,将序列化实例对象的字节数组传入
1 被加载的类:
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Test360 implements Serializable {
public static String admin(){
return "1111111";
}
static String name="test";
}
加载方式,可以将类转为字节数组或者读取编译后的class文件
import java.io.*;
/*
将类转为字节数组;将字节数组还原成类
*/
public class arreytobytes {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Test360 test =new Test360();
System.out.print ( "java class对象转字节数组\n" );
byte[] bufobject = getBytesFromObject(test);
for(int i=0 ; i<bufobject.length ; i++) {
System.out.print(bufobject[i] + ",");
}
System.out.println ("\n");
System.out.print ("字节数组还原对象\n");
Object object1 = null;
object1=deserialize(bufobject);
Test360 t1 =(Test360)object1;
System.out.println (t1.name);
}
public static byte[] getBytesFromObject(Serializable obj) throws Exception {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
oos.writeObject(obj);
return bo.toByteArray();
}
public static Object deserialize(byte[] bytes) {
Object object = null;
try {
ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);//
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
object = ois.readObject();
ois.close();
bis.close();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return object;
}
}
运行此方法后,得到字节数组:
-84,-19,0,5,115,114,0,17,109,97,105,110,46,100,97,121,49,46,84,101,115,116,51,54,48,98,-48,-103,38,120,38,47,-95,2,0,0,120,112
2 自定义的类加载器:
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestClassLoader extends ClassLoader implements Serializable {
// Test360类名
private static String testClassName = "main.day1.Test360";
private static byte[] testClassBytes = new byte[]{
-84,-19,0,5,115,114,0,17,109,97,105,110,46,100,97,121,49,46,84,101,115,116,51,54,48,98,-48,-103,38,120,38,47,-95,2,0,0,120,112
};
@Override
public Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Class log=null;
// 只处理Test360类
if (name.equals ( testClassName )) {
// 调用JVM的native方法定义TestHelloWorld类
return defineClass ( testClassName, testClassBytes, 0, testClassBytes.length );
}
return log;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建自定义的类加载器
TestClassLoader loader = new TestClassLoader ();
try {
// 使用自定义的类加载器加载TestHelloWorld类
Class testClass = loader.loadClass ( testClassName );
Object testInstance = testClass.newInstance ();
// 反射获取admin方法
Method method = testInstance.getClass ().getMethod ( "admin" );
// 反射调用admin方法,等价于 String str = t.hello();
String str = (String) method.invoke ( testInstance );
System.out.println ( str );
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace ();
}
}
}
运行结果:
方法二,将class文件的字节数组传入
编辑文件People.java
IDA代码实现:文件流读取bytes,传入重写的findclass的defineClass
package com.company;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Main {
static class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
private String classPath;
public MyClassLoader(String classPath) {
this.classPath = classPath;
}
private byte[] loadByte(String name) throws Exception {
name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(classPath + "/" + name
+ ".class");
System.out.println(classPath + "/" + name
+ ".class");
int len = fis.available();
byte[] data = new byte[len];
fis.read(data);
fis.close();
return data;
}
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
try {
byte[] data = loadByte(name);
return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new ClassNotFoundException();
}
}
};
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("/Users/asstartgo/Desktop");
Class clazz = classLoader.loadClass("People");
Object obj = clazz.newInstance();
Method helloMethod = obj.getClass().getMethod("toString", null);
System.out.println(helloMethod.invoke(obj, null));
}
}
扩展:什么时候会用到类加载器?
new一个类、反射调用等都会用到,关于反射调用可以参考上篇博客JAVA类加载器,反射,双亲委派_StartGo的博客-CSDN博客
看一下new一个类的过程:
debug:
调用Laucher的loadClass
调用父类的loadClass
很明显C为null,则调用URLClassLoader的findClass
return defineClass(name, res);中,调用了urlclassloader中的defineClass,以字节形式加载class,加载后返回,之后的操作是获取类的方法等
后面的部分略过,还涉及到Instrumentation等操作,在整个过程中,URLClassLoader:继承自SecureClassLoader,支持从jar文件和文件夹中获取class,继承于classload,加载时首先去classload里判断是否由bootstrap classload加载过,类的继承关系如下
双亲委派主要体现在ClassLoader的loadclass
ClassLoader:所有类加载器的基类,它是抽象的,定义了类加载最核心的操作。所有继承与classloader的类加载器,都会优先判断是否被父类加载器加载过,防止多次加载
其中classloader的loadclass代码详解:
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name); 检测类是否已经被加载
如果被加载则最后一行代码直接返回c
如果没有被加载,则执行以下代码
Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
if (c == null) {
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
try {
if (parent != null) {
c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
} else {
c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
// from the non-null parent class loader
}
if (c == null) {
// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
// to find the class.
long t1 = System.nanoTime();
c = findClass(name);
// this is the defining class loader; record the stats
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
}
}
其中c = parent.loadClass(name, false);为调用当亲类的父类加载器 加载,c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);为调用BootstrapClass加载器加载,new一个对象时,会走到 c = findClass(name);这一步,findClass为自己定义的类加载器的实现比如new的时候用到的类加载器为:URLClassloader
0x02 破坏双亲委派
在tomcat中,就打破了双亲委派机制,否则多个webapp类依赖容易产生冲突,如果awebapp依赖了spring4 ,bwebapp依赖了spring5,而spring在包路径和命名都有很大的相似,但是功能实现差别却又很大,所以必须进行隔离各自webapp进行单独加载。打破双亲委派机制的有设置Thread.setContextClassLoader() ,热部署OSGI,自定义loadclass类加载逻辑等
在tomcat中的类加载器WebappClassLoader中,每个webapp加载的类仅对当前webapp生效,实现隔离的效果,引用1.5 tomcat是如何打破双亲委派机制的? - 盛开的太阳 - 博客园博客中大佬画的一张图
tomcat通过启动多个WebappClassLoader来实现加载包名路径一样的类,看一下WebappClassLoaderBase的loadClass具体实现
通过调试tomcat可以发现,通过Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),webapp中使用的类加载器为:
WebappClassLoader
继承关系:
其中loadclass定义了类加载顺序
参考文章:
Tomcat源码初识三 双亲委派与Tomcat如何打破双亲委派_死磕各种源码-CSDN博客