【实操】自定义类加载器、打破双亲委派机制

今天周末在家，看看电影，写写代码

来实践一把自定义类加载器、打破双亲委派机制，记录下踩坑

自定义类加载器

步骤：

1. 继承ClassLoader
2. 重写findClass方法

自定义MyClassLoader

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA
 * User: yqm02
 * Date: 2021/8/22
 * Time: 16:14
 */
public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader{

    private String classPath;

    public MyClassLoader(String classPath) {
        this.classPath = classPath;
    }

    /**
     * 到指定目录下面去加载类
     * @param name 指定目录下的类名称
     * 权限修饰符：private 当前类可访问 default 同一包下可访问  protected 同一包下、不同包子类可访问 public 不同包非子类也可以访问
     *
     */
    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) {
        byte[] data = new byte[0];
        String nameTemp = name;
        try {
            // 从磁盘读取一个.class文件
            name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
            String url = classPath + "/" + name + ".class";
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(url);
            int len = fileInputStream.available();

            data = new byte[len];
            fileInputStream.read(data);
            fileInputStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // 日志记录，io异常
        }
        // 将一个字节数组转为class对象
        return defineClass(nameTemp, data, 0, data.length);
    }

}

测试

import cn.onedawn.classloader.MyClassLoader;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

/**
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA
 * User: yqm02
 * Date: 2021/8/22
 * Time: 16:13
         */
public class MyClassLoaderTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        // 初始化MyClassLoader
        MyClassLoader classLoader = new MyClassLoader("D:");
        // 指定加载哪一个类
        Class clazz = classLoader.loadClass("test.User");
        System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
    }

}

打破双亲委派机制

步骤：

1. 继承ClassLoader
2. 重写findClass方法
3. 重写loadClass方法

自定义MyClassLoaderNoParent

import sun.misc.PerfCounter;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA
 * User: yqm02
 * Date: 2021/8/22
 * Time: 17:25
 */
public class MyClassLoaderNoParent extends ClassLoader {
    /**
     *  加载器加载的路径
     *  */
    private String classPath;

    public MyClassLoaderNoParent(String path) {
        this.classPath = path;
    }

    protected byte[] loadByte(String name) throws IOException {
        name = name.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
        String path = classPath + "/" + name + ".class";
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(path);
        int len = fileInputStream.available();
        byte[] data = new byte[len];
        fileInputStream.read(data);
        fileInputStream.close();
        return data;
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) {
        byte[] data = null;
        try {
            data = loadByte(name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return defineClass(name, data, 0, data.length);
    }

    @Override
    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
            throws ClassNotFoundException {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (c == null) {
                long t0 = System.nanoTime();
                // 保证Object等必须要加载的类从启动类加载
                if (!name.startsWith("cn.onedawn.User")) {
                    c = this.getParent().loadClass(name);
                } else {
                    c = findClass(name);
                }
                long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
                PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
            }
            if (resolve) {
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }

}

测试

import cn.onedawn.classloader.MyClassLoaderNoParent;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * Created by IntelliJ IDEA
 *
 * @Description: TODO
 * @author: yqm02
 * @Date: 2021/8/22
 */
public class MyClassLoaderNoParentTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        MyClassLoaderNoParent myClassLoaderNoParent = new MyClassLoaderNoParent("D:/test");
        // 确定加载哪一个类
        Class clazz = myClassLoaderNoParent.loadClass("cn.onedawn.User");
        System.out.println(clazz.getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
    }
}

踩坑记录

今天尝试去指定目录下加载java.lang.String，但是无论如何都不能成功，沙箱安全机制

记住，像Object，String这样最基础的类必须是由BootStrapClassLoader来加载

另外再贴一个为什么要有双亲委派机制？

• 沙箱安全机制
• 避免类的重复加载