Shiro（1.3.2）——入门

1.简介：

Apache Shiro是Java的一个安全（权限）框架，不仅可以用在Java SE环境，也可以用在Java EE环境。Shiro可以完成：认证、授权、加密、会话管理、与Web集成、缓存等。

下载：http://shiro.apache.org/

2.功能简介：

主要功能：

Authentication：认证（登录）。

Authorization：授权。

Session Management：管理Session，此Session不止Web环境下的HttpSession，它是Shiro自己的Session，在JavaSE的环境下也有。

Cryptography：加密。

支持：

Web Support：跟Java EE进行集成。

Concurrency：在多线程的情况下进行授权认证。

Testing：测试。

Caching：缓存模块。

Run As：让已经登录的用户以另外一个用户的身份来操作系统。

Remember Me：记住我。

3.Shiro架构：

3.1 外部架构：

Subject：应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject，也就是说Shiro对外API核心就是Subject。Subject代表了当前“用户”，这个用户不一定是具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject，如网络爬虫和机器人；与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager；Subject是门面，SecurityManager是实际的执行者。

Shiro SecurityManager：安全管理器，所有与安全相关的操作都会与SecurityManager交互；并且管理着所有的Subject；是Shiro的核心；它负责和Shiro的其他组件交互。

Realm：Shiro从Realm获取安全数据（如用户、角色和权限），也就是SecurityManager需要验证身份，那么它需要从Realm中获得相应的用户进行比较等等，Realm相当于是一个DataSource。

3.2 内部架构：

4.HelloWorld：

先导入基本的Jar包到类路径下：

导入配置文件和Java文件到Src下面：

package com.shiro.helloworld;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        //使用工厂的方式获取.ini配置文件，返回一个SecurityManager实例
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        //在这个例子中SecurityManager在JVM中是单例可访问的
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        //获取当前的Subject
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        //获取Session并设置值
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("---> Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        //测试当前的用户是否已经被认证，即是否已经登录
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            //把用户名和密码封装到UsernamePasswordToken对象
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            //Remember Me
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                //执行登录
                //能否登录成功取决于.ini配置文件是否存在对应的用户名和密码
                currentUser.login(token);
            } 
            catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                //没有指定账户时，抛出该异常
                log.info("----> There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
                return; 
            } 
            catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                //密码不正确时，抛出该异常
                log.info("----> Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
                return; 
            } 
            catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                //用户被锁定时，抛出该异常
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //总的认证异常
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        log.info("----> User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //测试是否有这个schwartz角色
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("----> May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("----> Hello, mere mortal.");
            return; 
        }

        //测试用户是否具备某一个行为
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) {
            log.info("----> You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //同上，不过更具体，意思就是这个用户是否可以删除（delete）用户（user）张三（zhangsan）
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("user:delete:zhangsan")) {
            log.info("----> You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated());
        
        //执行登出
        currentUser.logout();
        
        System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated());

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
# =============================================================================
# Quickstart INI Realm configuration
#
# For those that might not understand the references in this file, the
# definitions are all based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs". ;)
# =============================================================================

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Users and their assigned roles
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setUserDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# 
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'delete' (action) the user (type) with
# license plate 'zhangsan' (instance specific id)
goodguy = user:delete:zhangsan