【SpringBoot】springboot数据使用多线程批量入数据库

文章展示了在SpringBoot和MyBatisPlus环境中,如何通过批量保存和多线程优化MySQL8数据库的插入性能。对比了原始的for循环入库、批量保存以及多线程批量保存的方法,发现多线程批量插入显著减少了耗时。然而,由于Spring的事务管理基于ThreadLocal,多线程环境下事务控制存在问题。为解决此问题,文中引入了手动事务管理,确保了在子线程和主线程报错时都能正确回滚事务。
摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

环境

springboot、mybatisPlus、mysql8

mysql8(部署在1核2G的服务器上,很卡,所以下面的数据条数用5000,太大怕不是要等到花儿都谢了 0.0)

原始的for循环入库

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MoreTestServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MoreTestMapper, MoreTestEntity> implements MoreTestService {

    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public Object doTest() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        List<MoreTestEntity> entityList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
            MoreTestEntity entity = new MoreTestEntity();
            entity.setId((long) i);
            entity.setA(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setB(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setC(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setD(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setE(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setF(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setG(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setH(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setI(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setJ(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setK(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entityList.add(entity);
						
            //在循环中入库
            baseMapper.insert(entity);
        }

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.err.println(end - start);

        return end - start;
    }
}

共耗时:180121 ms

批量保存操作

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MoreTestServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MoreTestMapper, MoreTestEntity> implements MoreTestService {

    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public Object doTest() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        List<MoreTestEntity> entityList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
            MoreTestEntity entity = new MoreTestEntity();
            entity.setId((long) i);
            entity.setA(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setB(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setC(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setD(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setE(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setF(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setG(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setH(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setI(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setJ(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setK(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entityList.add(entity);
        }
				
      	//mybatisPlus提供的批量保存方法,数字代表每几条数据提交一次事务,默认1000
        saveBatch(entityList, 1000);

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.err.println(end - start);

        return end - start;
    }
}

耗时时间:87217ms

在批量插入的基础上使用多线程

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MoreTestServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MoreTestMapper, MoreTestEntity> implements MoreTestService {

    @Override
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public Object doTest() throws InterruptedException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        //手动创建线程池,注意你 数据库连接池的 允许连接数量,别超过了就行。
        ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                5,
                5,
                30,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10),
                //isDaemon 设置线程是否是守护线程,true的话,主线程结束,new的线程就不会继续工作
                new NamedThreadFactory("执行线程", false),
                (r, executor) -> System.out.println("拒绝" + r));


        List<MoreTestEntity> entityList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
            MoreTestEntity entity = new MoreTestEntity();
            entity.setId((long) i);
            entity.setA(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setB(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setC(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setD(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setE(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setF(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setG(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setH(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setI(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setJ(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setK(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entityList.add(entity);
        }

        //拆分list,将其拆分成5份,然后上面线程池创建也是5个核心线程,刚好执行
        List<List<MoreTestEntity>> partition = ListUtils.partition(entityList, 1000);
        //使用CountDownLatch保证所有线程都执行完成
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(5);
        partition.forEach(item -> {
            poolExecutor.execute(() -> {
                saveBatch(item, 1000);
                latch.countDown();
            });
        });
        latch.await();
        // 也可以这么写,设定超时时间
        //latch.await(100,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.err.println(end - start);
        //关闭线程池
        poolExecutor.shutdown();
        return end - start;
    }
}

耗时时间: 28235

可见时间从180秒,缩短到了28秒,但是@Transactional对于多线程是控制不了所有的事务的。

Spring实现事务的原理是通过ThreadLocal把数据库连接绑定到当前线程中,同一个事务中数据库操作使用同一个jdbc connection,新开启的线程获取不到当前jdbc connection。

如下代码:

partition.forEach(item -> {
            poolExecutor.execute(() -> {
                saveBatch(item, 1000);
                latch.countDown();
                //让每个都报错
                int i = 1/0;
            });
        });

控制台打印:

Exception in thread "执行线程5" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.kusch.ares.service.impl.MoreTestServiceImpl.lambda$null$1(MoreTestServiceImpl.java:68)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
Exception in thread "执行线程2" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.kusch.ares.service.impl.MoreTestServiceImpl.lambda$null$1(MoreTestServiceImpl.java:68)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
Exception in thread "执行线程4" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.kusch.ares.service.impl.MoreTestServiceImpl.lambda$null$1(MoreTestServiceImpl.java:68)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
Exception in thread "执行线程1" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.kusch.ares.service.impl.MoreTestServiceImpl.lambda$null$1(MoreTestServiceImpl.java:68)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)
Exception in thread "执行线程3" 30179
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
	at com.kusch.ares.service.impl.MoreTestServiceImpl.lambda$null$1(MoreTestServiceImpl.java:68)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)

可见5个线程都报错了,但是去查询数据库,却可以查询到5000条数据,这是不应该出现的情况。

处理多线程入库的事务问题

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MoreTestServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<MoreTestMapper, MoreTestEntity> implements MoreTestService {

    @Resource
    private DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager;
    @Resource
    private TransactionDefinition transactionDefinition;

    @Override
    //此处手动管理事务的提交后,这个注解就可以去掉了
    //    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public Object doTest() {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        //手动创建线程池,注意你 数据库连接池的 允许连接数量,别超过了就行。
        ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                5,
                5,
                30,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(10),
                //isDaemon 设置线程是否是守护线程,true的话,主线程结束,new的线程就不会继续工作
                new NamedThreadFactory("执行线程", false),
                (r, executor) -> System.out.println("拒绝" + r));


        List<MoreTestEntity> entityList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            MoreTestEntity entity = new MoreTestEntity();
            entity.setId((long) i);
            entity.setA(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setB(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setC(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setD(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setE(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setF(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setG(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setH(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setI(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setJ(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setK(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entityList.add(entity);
        }

        //拆分list,将其拆分成5份,然后上面线程池创建也是5个核心线程,刚好执行
        List<List<MoreTestEntity>> partition = ListUtils.partition(entityList, 10);
        //使用CountDownLatch保证所有线程都执行完成
        CountDownLatch sonLatch = new CountDownLatch(5);
        //主线程的 肯定为1
        CountDownLatch mainLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        AtomicBoolean hasError = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        partition.forEach(item -> {
            poolExecutor.execute(() -> {
                doSave(item, sonLatch, hasError, mainLatch);
            });
        });

        try {
            //此处应该是用try catch 包裹着主线程的所有业务代码,以此保证主线程中任何一处报错都可以通知子线程

            //这里加一个是为了调试主线程中的数据入库操作
            MoreTestEntity entity = new MoreTestEntity();
            entity.setId((long) 99999);
            entity.setA(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setB(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setC(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setD(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setE(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setF(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setG(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setH(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setI(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setJ(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            entity.setK(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
            save(entity);

            //主线程报错
            int i = 10 / 0;

            sonLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            hasError.set(true);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        mainLatch.countDown();

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

        System.err.println(end - start);
        //关闭线程池
        if (!poolExecutor.isShutdown()) {
            poolExecutor.shutdown();
        }
        return end - start;
    }

    /**
     * 包装后的子线程的保存代码
     *
     * @param entityList 要保存的集合
     * @param sonLatch   子线程 CountDownLatch
     * @param hasError   是否发生错误
     * @param mainLatch  主线程 CountDownLatch
     */
    private void doSave(List<MoreTestEntity> entityList,
                        CountDownLatch sonLatch,
                        AtomicBoolean hasError,
                        CountDownLatch mainLatch) {
        TransactionStatus transactionStatus = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(transactionDefinition);
        try {

            //            //子线程报错
            //            int i = 10 / 0;

            saveBatch(entityList);

        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
            throwable.printStackTrace();
            hasError.set(true);
        } finally {
            //这是必须的,每个子线程走完,要让主线程继续走,然后再回到子线程的每个任务,决定是提交还是回滚
            sonLatch.countDown();
        }
        try {
            //等待主线程的执行结束
            mainLatch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            hasError.set(true);
        }

        //事务操作
        if (hasError.get()) {
            dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(transactionStatus);
        } else {
            dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(transactionStatus);
        }

    }

}

分别放开子线程报错和主线程报错,会发现事务都可以正常回滚,达到了预期的效果。

主要思路就是通过子线程CountDownLatch和主线程CountDownLatch,控制线程好代码的执行顺序即可。

最后补充几点:

  • 上述代码中的countDown()一旦出现不执行的情况那会导致线程堵塞堆积,所以建议给await()增加超时时间
  • 这样操作可能还会出现问题,比如主线程通知子线程可以进行实务操作了,但是各个子线程之间非透明,所以还是有几率存在某个子线程事务回滚失败的情况。
评论 6
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值