尽可能小的备份树莓派，以及烧录后如何重新扩展主分区

备份

推荐使用这个脚本来一键式备份：https://github.com/zlj-zz/RaspberryBackup

包括检测和下载需要的工具，备份系统，压缩镜像。

扩展主分区

1. 将烧录镜像的 SD 插到电脑中, 系统为 ubuntu，识别为 /dev/sdc2，会自动挂载，我电脑挂载到 /media/ubuntu/rootfs

2. 取消挂载 sudo umount /media/ubuntu/rootfs

3. 可能提示设备 busy，结束使用磁盘的程序 sudo fuser -m -i -v -k /media/ubuntu/rootfs, 然后重新取消挂载

4. 重新分区 fdisk

   • sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
     

    Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    Be careful before using the write command.
   
   
    Command (m for help): p                                 # p 查看信息
    Disk /dev/sdc: 29.6 GiB, 31719424000 bytes, 61952000 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x340bfd6e
   
    Device     Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
    /dev/sdc1         8192   532479   524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
    /dev/sdc2       532480 23443455 22910976 10.9G 83 Linux
   
    Command (m for help): d                                 # d 删除分区
    Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
   
    Partition 2 has been deleted.
   
    Command (m for help): n                                 # n 新建分区
    Partition type
       p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
       e   extended (container for logical partitions)
    Select (default p):
   
    Using default response p.
    Partition number (2-4, default 2):
    First sector (2048-61951999, default 2048): 532480      # 要和原来的磁盘柱一致
    Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (532480-61951999, default 61951999):
   
    Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 29.3 GiB.
   
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/sdc: 29.6 GiB, 31719424000 bytes, 61952000 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x340bfd6e
   
    Device     Boot  Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
    /dev/sdc1         8192   532479   524288  256M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
    /dev/sdc2       532480 61951999 61419520 29.3G 83 Linux
   
    Command (m for help): wp                                # 保存退出
    The partition table has been altered.
   
   

5. 检查分区信息 e2fsck -f /dev/sdc2

6. 调整分区大小 resize2fs -p /dev/sdc2