#### 多表查询练习数据

#### 多表查询练习数据

- 员工信息表

```sql
--员工信息表
CREATE TABLE emp(
    empno INT,
    ename VARCHAR(50),
    job VARCHAR(50),
    mgr    INT,
    hiredate DATE,
    sal    DECIMAL(7,2),
    comm DECIMAL(7,2),
    deptno INT
) ;

INSERT INTO emp values(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp values(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-04-19',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp values(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-05-23',1100,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30);
INSERT INTO emp values(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20);
INSERT INTO emp values(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-01-23',1300,NULL,10);
INSERT INTO emp values(7981,'MILLER','CLERK',7788,'1992-01-23',2600,500,20);
```

- 部门信息表

```sql
CREATE TABLE dept(
    deptno        INT,
    dname        varchar(14),
    loc        varchar(13)
);

INSERT INTO dept values(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept values(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept values(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
INSERT INTO dept values(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON');
```

- 基本查询

```sql
--所有员工的信息
SELECT * FROM emp;
--薪资大于等于1000并且小于等于2000的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 2000;
--从员工表中查询出所有的部门编号
SELECT deptno FROM emp;
--查询出名字以A开头的员工的信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE 'A%';
--查询出名字第二个字母是L的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE ename LIKE '_L%';
--查询出没有奖金的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE comm IS NULL;
--所有员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp;
--所有员工的工资总和
SELECT SUM(sal) FROM emp;
--所有员工的数量
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM emp;
--最高工资
SELECT MAX(sal) FROM emp;
--最少工资
SELECT MIN(sal) FROM emp;
--最高工资的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal=(SELECT MAX(sal) FROM emp);
--最低工资的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal=(SELECT MIN(sal) FROM emp);
```

- 分组查询

```sql
--每个部门的平均工资
```SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;

- 子查询

```sql
-- 单行子查询(> < >= <= = <>)
    -- 查询出高于10号部门的平均工资的员工信息
    
-- 多行子查询(in , not in, any, all)    >any  >all
a >ANY(SELECT B from 表):a比从表中查到的最小的B大
a < ANY(SELECT B from 表):a比从表中查到的最大的B小
a >ALL(SELECT B from 表):a比从表中查到的最大B都大
a < ALL(SELECT B from 表):a比从表中查到的最小B都小
    -- 查询出比10号部门任何员工薪资高的员工信息 2450 5000 1300
         SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal > ALL(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=10);

-- 多列子查询(实际使用较少)   in
    -- 和10号部门同名同工作的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE ename IN(SELECT ename FROM emp) AND job IN(SELECT job FROM emp) AND deptno <> 10;
-- Select接子查询
    -- 获取员工的名字和部门的名字
SELECT ename,d.dname FROM emp LEFT OUTER JOIN dept d ON emp.deptno=d.deptno;
SELECT ename,(SELECT dname FROM dept WHERE dept.deptno= e.deptno  ) AS '部门名称' FROM emp e;
-- from后面接子查询
    -- 查询emp表中经理信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE job='manager';
-- where 接子查询
    -- 薪资高于10号部门平均工资的所有员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal > (SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=10);
-- having后面接子查询
    -- 有哪些部门的平均工资高于30号部门的平均工资
SELECT deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno HAVING AVG(sal)>(SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=30);
-- 工资>JONES工资
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal>(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE ename='JONES');
-- 查询与SCOTT同一个部门的员工
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE deptno=(SELECT deptno FROM emp WHERE ename='SCOTT');
-- 工资高于30号部门所有人的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal>ALL(SELECT sal FROM emp WHERE deptno=30);
-- 查询工作和工资与MARTIN完全相同的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (job,sal) IN (SELECT job,sal FROM emp WHERE ename='MARTIN');
-- 有两个以上直接下属的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno IN (SELECT mgr FROM emp GROUP BY mgr HAVING COUNT(MGR)>2);
-- 查询员工编号为7788的员工名称,员工工资,部门名称,部门地址
```SELECT ename,sal,(SELECT dname FROM dept WHERE dept.deptno=e.deptno),(SELECT dname FROM dept WHERE dept.deptno=e.deptno)  FROM emp e;

- SQL查询的综合案例
1. 查询出高于本部门平均工资的员工信息
SELECT * FROM emp HAVING sal>(SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp);

2. 列出达拉斯加工作的人中,比纽约平均工资高的人
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE  deptno=(SELECT deptno FROM dept WHERE loc='DALLAS') AND sal>(SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp WHERE deptno=(SELECT deptno FROM dept WHERE loc='NEW YORK'));
3. 查询7369员工编号,姓名,经理编号和经理姓名
SELECT empno,ename,(SELECT empno FROM emp supe WHERE supe.`empno`=e.mgr) AS mgrno,(SELECT ename FROM emp sup WHERE sup.empno=e.`mgr`) AS mgrname FROM emp e WHERE e.`empno`=7369;

4. 查询出各个部门薪水最高的员工所有信息
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE (sal,deptno) IN (SELECT MAX(sal),deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno);

#### 面试题

```sql
CREATE TABLE test(
  name CHAR(20),
  kecheng CHAR(20),
  fenshu CHAR(20)
);

INSERT INTO test VALUES('张三','语文',81),
('张三','数学',75),
('李四','语文',76),
('李四','数学',90),
('王五','语文',81),
('王五','数学',82);

--请用一条Sql语句查处分数大于80的学生
```

SELECT * FROM exam WHERE fenshu>80;