day38 JavaWeb阶段——Response(服务器输出字符&字节数据到浏览器,BufferedImage完成网页动态验证码,获取文件的真实(服务器)路径)

今日内容

  1. HTTP协议:响应消息
  2. Response对象
  3. ServletContext对象

今日源码:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/15pdVR9YxpBAhVO43EEgprw
提取码:pxa7

HTTP协议:

1. 请求消息:客户端发送给服务器端的数据

  • 数据格式:
    1. 请求行
    2. 请求头
    3. 请求空行
    4. 请求体

2. 响应消息:服务器端发送给客户端的数据

  • 数据格式:
1. 响应行
    1. 组成:协议/版本 响应状态码 状态码描述
    2. 响应状态码:服务器告诉客户端浏览器本次请求和响应的一个状态。
       1. 状态码都是3位数字 
       2. 分类:
          1. 1xx:服务器就收客户端消息,但没有接受完成,等待一段时间后,发送1xx多状态码
          2. 2xx:成功。代表:200
          3. 3xx:重定向。代表:302(重定向),304(访问缓存)
          4. 4xx:客户端错误。
             - 代表:
               - 404(请求路径没有对应的资源) 
               - 405:请求方式没有对应的doXxx方法
          5. 5xx:服务器端错误。代表:500(服务器内部出现异常)

2. 响应头:
  1. 格式:头名称: 值
    2. 常见的响应头:
    1. Content-Type:服务器告诉客户端本次响应体数据格式以及编码格式
      2. Content-disposition:服务器告诉客户端以什么格式打开响应体数据
      • 值:
        • in-line:默认值,在当前页面内打开
        • attachment;filename=xxx:以附件形式打开响应体。文件下载
3. 响应空行
4. 响应体:传输的数据
  • 响应字符串格式
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
    Content-Length: 101
    Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2018 07:08:42 GMT
<html>
  	  <head>
  	    <title>$Title$</title>
  	  </head><body>
  ​	  hello , response
  ​	  </body></html>

Response对象

  • 功能:设置响应消息
    1. 设置响应行
      1. 格式:HTTP/1.1 200 ok
      2. 设置状态码:setStatus(int sc)
    2. 设置响应头:setHeader(String name, String value)
    3. 设置响应体:
      • 使用步骤:
        1. 获取输出流
          • 字符输出流:PrintWriter getWriter()
          • 字节输出流:ServletOutputStream getOutputStream()
        2. 使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器
案例:
1. 完成重定向
  • 重定向:资源跳转的方式
    在这里插入图片描述

代码实现:

  1. ResponseDemo1,redirect重定向方式
package cn.wbslz.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 重定向
 */
@WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo1........");
        //访问/responseDemo1,会自动跳转到/responseDemo2资源
       /* //1. 设置状态码为302
        response.setStatus(302);
        //2.设置响应头location
        response.setHeader("location","/day15/responseDemo2");*/
        request.setAttribute("msg","response");
        //动态获取虚拟目录
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        //简单的重定向方法
        response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
        //response.sendRedirect("https://me.csdn.net/column/qq_38454176");
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

  1. ResponseDemo3, forward转发方式
package cn.wbslz.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/responseDemo2").forward(request,response);
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

  1. ResponseDemo2 被跳转页
package cn.wbslz.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo2222222........");
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

访问:localhost:8080/day15/responseDemo1 和 localhost:8080/day15/responseDemo1
效果:
在这里插入图片描述

  • 重定向的特点:redirect
    1. 地址栏发生变化
    2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
    3. 重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据

  • 转发的特点:forward
    1. 转发地址栏路径不变
    2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
    3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据

  • forward 和 redirect 区别

    • 路径写法:
      1. 路径分类
        1. 相对路径:通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源
          • 如:./index.html
          • 不以/开头,以.开头路径
          • 规则:找到当前资源和目标资源之间的相对位置关系
            • ./:当前目录
            • …/:后退一级目录
        2. 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
          • 如:http://localhost/day15/responseDemo2 /day15/responseDemo2
          • 以/开头的路径
          • 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的?判断请求将来从哪儿发出
            • 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
              • 建议虚拟目录动态获取:request.getContextPath()
              • <a> , <form> 重定向…
            • 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录
              • 转发路径


2. 服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
  • 步骤:

    1. 获取字符输出流
    2. 输出数据
  • 注意:

    • 乱码问题:

      1. PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();获取的流的默认编码是ISO-8859-1
      2. 设置该流的默认编码
      3. 告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码

      //简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置
      response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);

示例代码

package cn.wbslz.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/**
 * 服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
 */
@WebServlet("/responseDemo4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取流对象之前,设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为:GBK
       // response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用该编码解码
        //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //简单的形式,设置编码
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //1.获取字符输出流
        PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
        //2.输出数据
        //pw.write("<h1>hello response</h1>");
        pw.write("你好啊啊啊 response");
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

效果
在这里插入图片描述

3. 服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
  • 步骤:
    1. 获取字节输出流
    2. 输出数据

示例代码:

package cn.wbslz.web.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
 * 服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
 */
@WebServlet("/responseDemo5")
public class ResponseDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //1.获取字节输出流
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        //2.输出数据
        sos.write("你好".getBytes("utf-8"));
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

效果
在这里插入图片描述

4. 验证码
  1. 本质:图片
  2. 目的:防止恶意表单注册
  • 分析
    1. 创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
    2. 美化图片
    3. 将图片输出到页面展示

代码

package cn.wbslz.web.servlet;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        int width = 100;
        int height = 50;
        //1.创建一对象,在内存中图片(验证码图片对象)
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //2.美化图片
        //2.1 填充背景色
        Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
        g.setColor(Color.PINK);//设置画笔颜色
        g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);

        //2.2画边框
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.drawRect(0,0,width - 1,height - 1);

        String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //生成随机角标
        Random ran = new Random();

        for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
            int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
            //获取字符
            char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
            //2.3写验证码
            g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
        }
        
        //2.4画干扰线
        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        //随机生成坐标点
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int x1 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int x2 = ran.nextInt(width);
            int y1 = ran.nextInt(height);
            int y2 = ran.nextInt(height);
            g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
        }
        //3.将图片输出到页面展示
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

分析:
点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张
1. 给超链接和图片绑定单击事件
2. 重新设置图片的src属性值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script>
    window.onload = function(){
        //1.获取图片对象
        var img = document.getElementById("checkCode");
        //2.绑定单击事件
        img.onclick = function(){
            //加时间戳
            var date = new Date().getTime();
            img.src = "/day15/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
        }
    }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <img id="checkCode" src="/day15/checkCodeServlet" />
    <a id="change" href="">看不清换一张?</a>

</body>
</html>

效果
在这里插入图片描述

ServletContext对象:

1. 概念:代表整个web应用,可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信

2. 获取:

  1. 通过request对象获取
    request.getServletContext();
  2. 通过HttpServlet获取
    this.getServletContext();
    示例代码
package cn.wbslz.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo1")
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 通过request对象获取
        ServletContext context1 = request.getServletContext();
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context2 = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(context1);//org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@6a196c41
        System.out.println(context2);//org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@6a196c41
        System.out.println(context1 == context2);//true
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

3. 功能:

1. 获取MIME类型:
  • MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
    1. 格式: 大类型/小类型 text/html image/jpeg
    2. 获取:String getMimeType(String file)

示例代码:

package cn.wbslz.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo2")
public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
            ServletContext功能:
               1. 获取MIME类型:
                * MIME类型:在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型
                  * 格式: 大类型/小类型   text/html		image/jpeg
                * 获取:String getMimeType(String file)
                2. 域对象:共享数据
                3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
         */
         
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //3. 定义文件名称
        String filename = "a.jpg";//image/jpeg
        //4.获取MIME类型
        String mimeType = context.getMimeType(filename);
        System.out.println(mimeType);//image/jpeg
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

2. 域对象:共享数据
  1. setAttribute(String name,Object value)
  2. getAttribute(String name)
  3. removeAttribute(String name)

示例代码

  • ServletContextDemo3:设置数据
package cn.wbslz.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 域对象:共享数据
 */
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo3")
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        /*
            ServletContext功能:
               1. 获取MIME类型:

                2. 域对象:共享数据
                3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
         */
         
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //设置数据
        context.setAttribute("msg","haha");
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

  • ServletContextDemo4:获取数据
package cn.wbslz.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 域对象:共享数据
 */
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo4")
public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //2. 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //获取数据
        Object msg = context.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);//haha
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

结论:ServletContext对象范围:所有用户所有请求的数据

3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径
  1. 方法:String getRealPath(String path)
    1. String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
    2. String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
    3. String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问

示例代码:

package cn.wbslz.web.servletcontext;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 取文件的真实(服务器)路径
 */
@WebServlet("/servletContextDemo5")
public class ServletContextDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 通过HttpServlet获取
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        // 获取文件的服务器路径
        String b = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");//web目录下资源访问
        System.out.println(b);//D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.1\Web-Project\day14_servlet&http&request\out\artifacts\day15_response_war_exploded\b.txt
       // File file = new File(realPath);

        String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");//WEB-INF目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(c);//D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.1\Web-Project\day14_servlet&http&request\out\artifacts\day15_response_war_exploded\WEB-INF\c.txt

        String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");//src目录下的资源访问
        System.out.println(a);//D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.1\Web-Project\day14_servlet&http&request\out\artifacts\day15_response_war_exploded\WEB-INF\classes\a.txt

    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

案例:

  • 文件下载需求:

    1. 页面显示超链接
    2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
    3. 完成图片文件下载
  • 分析:

    1. 超链接指向的资源如果能够被浏览器解析,则在浏览器中展示,如果不能解析,则弹出下载提示框。不满足需求
    2. 任何资源都必须弹出下载提示框
    3. 使用响应头设置资源的打开方式:
      • content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
  • 步骤:

    1. 定义页面,编辑超链接href属性,指向Servlet,传递资源名称filename
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/day15/img/1.jpg">图片1</a>
    <a href="/day15/img/1.avi">视频</a>
    <hr>
    <a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=九尾.jpg">图片</a>
    <a href="/day15/downloadServlet?filename=1.avi">视频</a>
</body>
</html>
  1. 定义Servlet
    1. 获取文件名称
    2. 使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
    3. 指定response的响应头: content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx
    4. 将数据写出到response输出流
package cn.wbslz.web.download;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            //1.获取请求参数,文件名称
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //2.使用字节输入流加载文件进内存
        //2.1找到文件服务器路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);
        //2.2用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);

        //3.设置response的响应头
        //3.1设置响应头类型:content-type
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);//获取文件的mine类型
        response.setHeader("content-type",mimeType);
        //3.2设置响应头的打开方式:content-disposition
        response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename=" + filename);

        //解决中文名问题
        //1获取user-agengt请求头
        /*String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //2使用工具类方法编码文件名即可
        filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(agent, filename);*/
        //4.将输入流数据写到输出流中
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
            sos.write(buff,0,len);
        }
        fis.close();
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

效果
在这里插入图片描述

  • 问题:
    • 中文文件问题
      • 解决思路:
        1. 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息
        2. 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式不同

[点开我的主页系统的学习java]

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