一、什么是redo日志?
redo日志即重做日志,重做日志是在DM数据库中添加、删除、修改对象,或者改变数据,DM都会按照特定的格式,将这些操作执行的结果写入到当前的重做日志文件中。重做日志文件以log为扩展名。每个DM数据库实例必须至少有2个重做日志文件,默认两个日志文件为DAMENG01.log、DAMENG02.log,这两个文件循环使用。 重做日志文件因为是数据库正在使用的日志文件,因此被称为联机日志文件。 重做日志文件主要用于数据库的备份与恢复。理想情况下,数据库系统不会用到重做日志文件中的信息。然而现实世界总是充满了各种意外,比如电源故障、系统故障、介质故障,或者数据库实例进程被强制终止等,数据库缓冲区中的数据页会来不及写入数据文件。这样,在重启DM实例时,通过重做日志文件中的信息,就可以将数据库的状态恢复到发生意外时的状态。
重做日志文件对于数据库是至关重要的。它们用于存储数据库的事务日志,以便系统在出现系统故障和介质故障时能够进行故障恢复。在 DM数据库运行过程中,任何修改数据库的操作都会产生重做日志,例如,当一条元组插入到一个表中的时候,插入的结果写入了重做日志,当删除一条元组时,删除该元组的事实也被写了进去,这样,当系统出现故障时,通过分析日志可以知道在故障发生前系统做了哪些动作,并可以重做这些动作使系统恢复到故障之前的状态。
二、redo日志坏了怎么办?
既然redo日志对于数据库来说如此重要,那么当redo日志损坏了,该如何修复呢,下面就让我们来通过实验回答一下这个问题。
故障模拟:
数据库为单机,直接将redo01.log删除,来模拟数据库的redo日志文件损坏。
正常情况下如果数据库重启后会报错
针对redo损坏有如下解决办法:
(1)、根据数据库文件夹下dminit+日期时间.log(例如:dminit20210524112539.log)的文件查看数据库的各个参数,重新初始化数据库;
[dmdba@test DAMENG]$ more dminit20210524112539.log
start init database: V8, 2021-05-24 11:25:39
init params:
db path: /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG
db name: DAMENG
auto overwrite: 0
page size: 8192
extent size: 16
time zone: +08:00
string case sensitive: 1
charset: 0
length in char: 0
page check mode: 0
priv flag: 0
rlog enc flag: 0
use new hash: 1
blank pad mode: 0
sec priv mode: 0
huge with delta: 1
rlog gen for huge: 0
pseg_mgr_flag: 0
log file path: /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log
log file path: /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/DAMENG02.log
create ini file /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/dm.ini success.
create rlog file /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log success.
create rlog file /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/DAMENG02.log success.
SYSTEM file : /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.DBF
MAIN file : /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/MAIN.DBF
ROLL file : /home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/ROLL.DBF
create dm database success. 2021-05-24 11:25:42
(2)、使用该参数重新初始化数据库:
[dmdba@test bin]$ ./dminit path=/opt/dm8/data extent_size=32 page_size=32 port_num=5241
initdb V8
db version: 0x7000c
file dm.key not found, use default license!
License will expire on 2022-03-26
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
log file path: /opt/dm8/data/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log
log file path: /opt/dm8/data/DAMENG/DAMENG02.log
write to dir [/opt/dm8/data/DAMENG].
create dm database success. 2021-05-31 14:37:47
(3)、将新初始化的数据库的redo日志拷贝到要修复数据库文件夹下(拷贝前对要修复数据库的原redo日志做好备份)
(4)、替换后,利用dmmdf 修改redo日志的db_magic的值:
dmmdf的使用方法如下:
[dmdba@test bin]$ ./dmmdf help
Format: ./dmmdf KEYWORD=value
Example: ./dmmdf TYPE=1 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.DBF
Keyword Explanation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TYPE type
1: for dbf
2: for rlog
3: for original bak
4: for bakset meta
5: for bakset bkp
6: for bakset
7: for database degrades
scope=1: Only supports from 0x0007000A to 0x00070009, file is dm.ctl path
scope=2: Only supports from 0x0007000B to 0x0007000A, file is dm.ini path
scope=3: Only supports from 0x0007000C to 0x0007000B for single node database, file is dm.ini path
8: for rlog degrades (Only supports from 0x7006 to 0x7005)
9: for specified database upgrade(Only supports from V8.1.1.88(V7.1.7.88) to V8.1.1.100(V7.1.7.100)
FILE file path
DCR_INI dmdcr.ini path
DFS_INI dmdfs.ini path
SCOPE scope for database degrades when type=7
HELP show this help info
--------------------------------------------------
Example: ./dmmdf TYPE=1 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.dbf
./dmmdf TYPE=2 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log
./dmmdf TYPE=3 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/bak/dmdb.bak
./dmmdf TYPE=4 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/bak/bset/nbak.meta
./dmmdf TYPE=5 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/bak/bset/nbak.bak
./dmmdf TYPE=6 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/bak/bset
./dmmdf TYPE=7 SCOPE=1 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/dm.ctl
./dmmdf TYPE=7 SCOPE=2 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/dm.ini
./dmmdf TYPE=7 SCOPE=3 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/dm.ini
./dmmdf TYPE=8 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/dm.ini
./dmmdf TYPE=9 FILE=/opt/data/DAMENG/dm.ini
通过dmmdf查看原库的db_magic值:
[dmdba@test bin]$ ./dmmdf type=1 file=/home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/SYSTEM.DBF
dmmdf V8
**********************************************************
1 db_magic=871194012
2 next_trxid=17261
3 pemnt_magic=354364976
**********************************************************
Please input which parameter you want to change(1-3), q to quit: q
(4)、修改DAMENG01.log的db_magic值
[dmdba@test bin]$ ./dmmdf type=2 file=/home/dmdba/190data/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log
dmmdf V8
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7006
3 chksum = 92356195
4 sta = 1
5 n_magic = 7
6 db_magic = 2019941285
7 len = 268435456
8 free = 5460992
9 clsn = 30782
10 clsn_fil = 0
11 clsn_off = 5460992
12 pemnt_magic = 354364976
13 fil_id = 0
15 next_seq = 3469
16 g_next_seq = 3469
17 arch_lsn = 0
18 arch_seq = 0
19 dbversion = 0x7000c
20 min_exec_version = V8.1.1.1
21 min_dct_version = 4
22 p_db_magic = 0
23 n_apply_ep = 0
24 apply_info_lsn = 0
pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
25 recv_p_db_magic = 0
26 recv_n_apply_ep = 0
recv_pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
recv_apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
**********************************************************
You can only reset sta(4) or db_magic (6) or clsn (9) or clsn_fil(10) or clsn_off(11) or pemnt_magic(12) or fil_id(13) or next_seq(15) or g_next_seq(16) or p_db_magic(20) or n_apply_ep(21).
Please input the num which one you want to change, q to quit: 6
Input the new value: 871194012
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7006
3 chksum = 1309259866
4 sta = 1
5 n_magic = 7
6 db_magic = 871194012
7 len = 268435456
8 free = 5460992
9 clsn = 30782
10 clsn_fil = 0
11 clsn_off = 5460992
12 pemnt_magic = 354364976
13 fil_id = 0
15 next_seq = 3469
16 g_next_seq = 3469
17 arch_lsn = 0
18 arch_seq = 0
19 dbversion = 0x7000c
20 min_exec_version = V8.1.1.1
21 min_dct_version = 4
22 p_db_magic = 0
23 n_apply_ep = 0
24 apply_info_lsn = 0
pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
25 recv_p_db_magic = 0
26 recv_n_apply_ep = 0
recv_pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
recv_apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
**********************************************************
Do you want to quit and save the change to file (y/n): y
Save to file success!
同理DAMENG02.log也按照此方法修改。
(5)、正常重启数据库。
[dmdba@test bin]$ ./DmServiceDM_5240 start
Starting DmServiceDM_5240: [ OK ]
[dmdba@test bin]$
(6)、此情况重启的数据库可能无法进行正常的写操作,所以必须重新建新库,尽快将数据迁移到新库中再使用。