第一章 Redo日志文件丢失的恢复
1.1 online redolog file 丢失
联机Redo日志是Oracle数据库中比较核心的文件，当Redo日志文件异常之后，数据库就无法正常启动，而且有丢失据的风险，强烈建议在条件允许的情况下，对Redo日志进行多路镜像。需要注意的是，RMAN不能备份联机Redo日志文件。所以，联机Redo日志一旦出现故障，则只能进行清除日志了。清除日志文件即表明可以重用该文件。
1.1.1 数据库归档/非归档模式下inactive redo异常ORA-00316 ORA-00327
1.1.1.1 例一
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 260046848 bytes
Fixed Size 1266896 bytes
Variable Size 83888944 bytes
Database Buffers 167772160 bytes
Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00316: log 2 of thread 1, type in header is not log file
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo02.log'
SQL> col member for a40
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
1 15 3 665697 CURRENT /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo03.log
1 14 2 645619 INACTIVE /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo02.log
1 13 1 625540 INACTIVE /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 2;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00327: log 2 of thread 1, physical size less than needed
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo02.log'
SQL> alter database drop logfile group 2;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add logfile group 2 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo02.log') size 50M reuse;
Database altered.
1.1.1.2 例二
[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 6 13:46:16 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------
1 16 3 1209020 CURRENT /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo03.log
1 15 1 1209017 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log
1 14 2 1209012 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo02.log
SQL> ! rm -rf /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log
SQL>
SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2228864 bytes
Variable Size 297799040 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 8503296 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 15390
Session ID: 125 Serial number: 5
SQL>
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
告警日志：
Errors in file /u02/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/oratest/oratest/trace/oratest_lgwr_15484.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 6 13:48:39 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2228864 bytes
Variable Size 297799040 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 8503296 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------
1 17 1 1229024 CURRENT /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log
1 16 3 1209020 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo03.log
1 14 2 1209012 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo02.log
SQL>
1.1.2 正常关闭数据库current redo异常ORA-00316 ORA-01623
1.1.2.1 例一
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00316: log 1 of thread 1, type in header is not log file
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------------------------
1 16 1 685918 CURRENT /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log
1 15 3 665697 INACTIVE /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo03.log
1 0 2 0 UNUSED /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo02.log
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1;
ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00316: log 1 of thread 1, type 0 in header is not log file
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
SQL> ALTER DATABASE drop logfile group 1;
ALTER DATABASE drop logfile group 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01623: log 1 is current log for instance XFF (thread 1) - cannot drop
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
SQL> recover database until cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
1.1.2.2 例二
[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 6 13:52:49 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------
1 20 1 1229346 CURRENT /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log
1 19 3 1229343 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo03.log
1 18 2 1229340 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo02.log
SQL> ! rm -rf /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2228864 bytes
Variable Size 297799040 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 8503296 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 15837
Session ID: 125 Serial number: 5
SQL>
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
告警日志：
Errors in file /u02/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/oratest/oratest/trace/oratest_ora_15949.trc:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log'
Wed May 06 13:53:47 2015
ARC1 started with pid=21, OS id=15976
USER (ospid: 15949): terminating the instance due to error 313
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=15949), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /u02/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/oratest/oratest/trace/oratest_diag_15919.trc
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20150506135347], requested by (instance=1, osid=15949), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 15949
[oracle@orcltest ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 6 13:54:28 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 409194496 bytes
Fixed Size 2228864 bytes
Variable Size 297799040 bytes
Database Buffers 100663296 bytes
Redo Buffers 8503296 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1;
ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00350: log 1 of instance oratest (thread 1) needs to be archived
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log'
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR UNARCHIVED LOGFILE GROUP 1;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Database altered.
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------------------------------------------
1 21 2 1229347 CURRENT /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo02.log
1 19 3 1229343 INACTIVE /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo03.log
1 0 1 1229346 UNUSED /u02/app/oracle/oradata/oratest/redo01.log
SQL>
1.1.3 数据库异常关闭current/active redo异常ORA-00316 ORA-01624 ORA-01194
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00316: log 1 of thread 1, type 0 in header is not log file
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
SQL> SELECT thread#,
2 a.sequence#,
3 a.group#,
4 TO_CHAR (first_change#, '9999999999999999') "SCN",
5 a.status,
6 MEMBER
7 FROM v$log a, v$logfile b
8 WHERE a.group# = B.GROUP#
9 ORDER BY a.sequence# DESC;
THREAD# SEQUENCE# GROUP# SCN STATUS MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------- -----------------------------------
1 8 2 686310 CURRENT /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo02.log
1 7 1 686294 ACTIVE /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log
1 6 3 686289 INACTIVE /u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo03.log
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1;
ALTER DATABASE CLEAR LOGFILE GROUP 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01624: log 1 needed for crash recovery of instance XFF (thread 1)
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
SQL> ALTER DATABASE drop logfile group 1;
ALTER DATABASE drop logfile group 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01624: log 1 needed for crash recovery of instance XFF (thread 1)
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
SQL> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 686294 generated at 04/20/2013 01:37:16 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_7_813202529.dbf
ORA-00280: change 686294 for thread 1 is in sequence #7
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/redo01.log'
ORA-27047: unable to read the header block of file
Additional information: 2
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/system01.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/system01.dbf'
SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 260046848 bytes
Fixed Size 1266896 bytes
Variable Size 83888944 bytes
Database Buffers 167772160 bytes
Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 686294 generated at 04/20/2013 01:37:16 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_7_813202529.dbf
ORA-00280: change 686294 for thread 1 is in sequence #7
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/oracle/oradata/XFF/system01.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
在这样的情况下,数据库异常关闭,current/active redo异常,通过使用隐含参数可能可以侥幸的恢复数据库,但是也可能导致数据丢失.这里因为是模拟情况,无业务所以在很多较为繁忙的业务系统中,使用隐含参数resetlogs过程中可能还会遇到如下很多常见的错误,进一步增加了恢复难度。
current/active redo异常后附带其他错误
ORA-600[2662]
Wed Dec 07 13:02:49 2011
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\hzyl\hzyl\trace\hzyl_ora_3388.trc (incident=216664):
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [2662], [2], [1153862134], [2], [1153864845], [12582921], [], []
Incident details in: d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\hzyl\hzyl\incident\incdir_216664\hzyl_ora_3388_i216664.trc
Errors in file d:\app\administrator\diag\rdbms\hzyl\hzyl\trace\hzyl_ora_3388.trc:
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [2662], [2], [1153862134], [2], [115386484
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