基于α-β剪枝算法实现的AI五子棋游戏

一、对抗问题

对抗问题:顾名思义,博弈双方是带有对抗性质的。博弈的任何一方都希望局面尽量对自己有利,同时局面也应该尽量令对方不利。通常这一类问题可以通过 Minimax 算法解决。

Minimax 算法又名极小化极大算法,是一种找出失败的最大可能性中的最小值的算法。Minimax 算法常用于棋类等由两方较量的游戏和程序,这类程序由两个游戏者轮流,每次执行一个步骤。为了执行 Minimax 算法,我们可以通过穷举的方式,枚举所有的状态空间,从而使得我们可以在游戏刚一开始,就预测到输赢。但是,在实际情况下,游戏的状态空间都是异常庞大的。很显然,我们不能将以穷举方式实现的 Minimax 算法用于实际应用。

二、α-β减枝

通过分析可以发现,在利用穷举方法执行 Minimax 算法中有许多的无效搜索,也就是说,许多明显较劣的状态分支我们也进行搜索了。我们在进行极大值搜索的时候,我们仅仅关心,下面最大的状态,对于任何小于目前值的分支也都是完全没有必要进行进一步检查的。(α减枝)

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======================================================================== MICROSOFT FOUNDATION CLASS LIBRARY : fir ======================================================================== AppWizard has created this fir application for you. This application not only demonstrates the basics of using the Microsoft Foundation classes but is also a starting point for writing your application. This file contains a summary of what you will find in each of the files that make up your fir application. fir.dsp This file (the project file) contains information at the project level and is used to build a single project or subproject. Other users can share the project (.dsp) file, but they should export the makefiles locally. fir.h This is the main header file for the application. It includes other project specific headers (including Resource.h) and declares the CFirApp application class. fir.cpp This is the main application source file that contains the application class CFirApp. fir.rc This is a listing of all of the Microsoft Windows resources that the program uses. It includes the icons, bitmaps, and cursors that are stored in the RES subdirectory. This file can be directly edited in Microsoft Visual C++. fir.clw This file contains information used by ClassWizard to edit existing classes or add new classes. ClassWizard also uses this file to store information needed to create and edit message maps and dialog data maps and to create prototype member functions. res\fir.ico This is an icon file, which is used as the application's icon. This icon is included by the main resource file fir.rc. res\fir.rc2 This file contains resources that are not edited by Microsoft Visual C++. You should place all resources not editable by the resource editor in this file. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// For the main frame window: MainFrm.h, MainFrm.cpp These files contain the frame class CMainFrame, which is derived from CFrameWnd and controls all SDI frame features. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// AppWizard creates one document type and one view: firDoc.h, firDoc.cpp - the document These files contain your CFirDoc class. Edit these files to add your special document data and to implement file saving and loading (via CFirDoc::Serialize). firView.h, firView.cpp - the view of the document These files contain your CFirView class. CFirView objects are used to view CFirDoc objects. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Other standard files: StdAfx.h, StdAfx.cpp These files are used to build a precompiled header (PCH) file named fir.pch and a precompiled types file named StdAfx.obj. Resource.h This is the standard header file, which defines new resource IDs. Microsoft Visual C++ reads and updates this file. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Other notes: AppWizard uses "TODO:" to indicate parts of the source code you should add to or customize. If your application uses MFC in a shared DLL, and your application is in a language other than the operating system's current language, you will need to copy the corresponding localized resources MFC42XXX.DLL from the Microsoft Visual C++ CD-ROM onto the system or system32 directory, and rename it to be MFCLOC.DLL. ("XXX" stands for the language abbreviation. For example, MFC42DEU.DLL contains resources translated to German.) If you don't do this, some of the UI elements of your application will remain in the language of the operating system. /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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