spring事务

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-24 12:06:26 发布

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分类专栏：事务声明式事务文章标签： spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38487054/article/details/108251191

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事务的特性

原子性(Atomicity)：事务时一个原子操作，是不可割分的最小操作单位，要么同时成功，要么同时失败。
一致性(Consistency)：事务操作前后，数据总量不变。
隔离性(Isolation)：多个事务之间，相互独立。
持久性(Durability)：当事务提交或者回滚，数据库会持久化的保存数据。

事务的隔离级别

脏读：一个事务读取到另一个事务没有提交的数据。
不可重复读：在同一个事务中，两次读取到的数据不一样。(oracle的默认隔离级别)
幻读：当一个事务(T1)读取几行记录后，另一个并发事务(T2)插入一些记录时，幻读就发生了。在后来的查询中，第一个事务（T1）就会发现一些原来没有的额外记录。(mysql的默认隔离级别)

在理想状态下，事务之间将完全隔离，从而可以防止这些问题发生。然而，完全隔离会影响性能，因为隔离会涉及到锁定在数据库中的记录(甚至时锁表)。完全隔离要求事务相互等待来完成工作，会阻塞。因此，可以根据业务场景选择不同的隔离级别。

隔离级别	含义
ISOLATION_DEFAULT	使用数据库默认的隔离级别
ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED	允许读取尚未提交的更改。可能导致脏读，不可重复读，幻读
ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED	允许从已经提交的并发事务读取，可防止脏读，但可能发生不可重复读或者幻读
ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ	对相同字段的多次读取结果时一致的。可能发生幻读
ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE	完全服从ACID的隔离级别，可以解决所有问题，但效率会很低

在工作中使用过的三种声明式事务：

基于TransactionProxyFactoryBean

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.kpwang</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_01tran_proxyFactoryBean</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
            <version>11.2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kpwang"/>
    <!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.80.130:1521:orcl"/>
        <property name="user" value="kpwang"/>
        <property name="password" value="ww920321"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.kpwang.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--事务代理工厂-->
    <!--生成事务代理对象-->
    <bean id="accountServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="txManager"/>
        <property name="target" ref="accountService"/>
        <property name="transactionAttributes">
            <props>
                <prop key="transter*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception</prop><!--默认只有运行时异常才会回滚-->
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

dao

public interface IAccountDao {
    void updateAccount(Account account);
    List<Account> findAccountByName(Serializable accountName);
}

public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements IAccountDao {

    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        this.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }

    public List<Account> findAccountByName(Serializable accountName) {
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name=?",new AccountRowMapper(),accountName);
    }
}

service

public interface IAccountService {
    //转账
    void transter(String sourceName,String targetName,Float money);
}

@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;
    public void transter(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {
        System.out.println("transfer......");
        Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName).get(0);
        Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName).get(0);

        if (source.getMoney()<money){
            throw new RuntimeException("账号余额不足");
        }else {
            source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
        }
        target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
        accountDao.updateAccount(source);
        int i=1/0;
        accountDao.updateAccount(target);
    }
}

domain

public class Account implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float money;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setMoney(Float money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Float getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money='" + money + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class AccountRowMapper implements RowMapper<Account>,Serializable {
    public Account mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
        Account account=new Account();
        account.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
        account.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
        account.setMoney(resultSet.getFloat("money"));
        return account;
    }
}

junit

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application.xml")
public class IAccountServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("accountServiceProxy")//注入代理对象
    private IAccountService accountService;
    @Test
    public void transter() {
        accountService.transter("aaa","bbb",250f);
    }
}

初始数据：

事务回滚

基于AspectjAOP

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.kpwang</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_02tran_aspectjAOP</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
            <version>11.2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kpwang"/>
    <!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.80.130:1521:orcl"/>
        <property name="user" value="kpwang"/>
        <property name="password" value="ww920321"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.kpwang.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置事务通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txManager" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="tran*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="Exception"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="pt1" expression="execution(* com.kpwang.service.impl.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txManager" pointcut-ref="pt1"/>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

dao

public interface IAccountDao {
    void updateAccount(Account account);
    List<Account> findAccountByName(Serializable accountName);
}

public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements IAccountDao {

    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        this.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }

    public List<Account> findAccountByName(Serializable accountName) {
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name=?",new AccountRowMapper(),accountName);
    }
}

service

public interface IAccountService {
    //转账
    void transter(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money);
}

@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;
    public void transter(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {
        System.out.println("transfer......");
        Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName).get(0);
        Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName).get(0);

        if (source.getMoney()<money){
            throw new RuntimeException("账号余额不足");
        }else {
            source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
        }
        target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
        accountDao.updateAccount(source);
        int i=1/0;
        accountDao.updateAccount(target);
    }
}

实体类

public class Account implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float money;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setMoney(Float money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Float getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money='" + money + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class AccountRowMapper implements RowMapper<Account>,Serializable {
    public Account mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
        Account account=new Account();
        account.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
        account.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
        account.setMoney(resultSet.getFloat("money"));
        return account;
    }
}

junit

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application.xml")
public class IAccountServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountService accountService;
    @Test
    public void transter() {
        accountService.transter("aaa","bbb",250f);
    }
}

初始数据：

事务回滚

基于@Transactional

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.kpwang</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_03tran_transactional</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
            <version>11.2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kpwang"/>
    <!--配置数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.80.130:1521:orcl"/>
        <property name="user" value="kpwang"/>
        <property name="password" value="ww920321"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.kpwang.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <!--配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

dao

public interface IAccountDao {
    void updateAccount(Account account);
    List<Account> findAccountByName(Serializable accountName);
}

public class AccountDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements IAccountDao {

    public void updateAccount(Account account) {
        this.getJdbcTemplate().update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
    }

    public List<Account> findAccountByName(Serializable accountName) {
        return this.getJdbcTemplate().query("select * from account where name=?",new AccountRowMapper(),accountName);
    }
}

service

public interface IAccountService {
    //转账
    void transter(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money);
}

@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountDao accountDao;
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void transter(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {
        System.out.println("transfer......");
        Account source = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName).get(0);
        Account target = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName).get(0);

        if (source.getMoney()<money){
            throw new RuntimeException("账号余额不足");
        }else {
            source.setMoney(source.getMoney()-money);
        }
        target.setMoney(target.getMoney()+money);
        accountDao.updateAccount(source);
        int i=1/0;
        accountDao.updateAccount(target);
    }
}

实体类

public class Account implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float money;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setMoney(Float money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    public Float getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money='" + money + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

public class AccountRowMapper implements RowMapper<Account>,Serializable {
    public Account mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
        Account account=new Account();
        account.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
        account.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
        account.setMoney(resultSet.getFloat("money"));
        return account;
    }
}

junit

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application.xml")
public class IAccountServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private IAccountService accountService;
    @Test
    public void transter() {
        accountService.transter("aaa","bbb",250f);
    }
}

初始数据：

事务回滚

与世无争的程序猿

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spring事务

事务的特性原子性(Atomicity)：事务时一个原子操作，是不可割分的最小操作单位，要么同时成功，要么同时失败。一致性(Consistency)：事务操作前后，数据总量不变。隔离性(Isolation)：多个事务之间，相互独立。持久性(Durability)：当事务提交或者回滚，数据库会持久化的保存数据。事务的隔离级别脏读：一个事务读取到另一个事务没有提交的数据。不可重复读：在同一个事务中，两次读取到的数据不一样。(oracle的默认隔离级别) 幻读：当一个事务(T1)读取几行
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