一. 自动化测试框架
1. 测试框架TestNG
1.1 适合测试人员使用的原因
(1)比Junit涵盖功能更全面的测试框架
(2)Junit更适合隔离性比较强的单元测试
(3)TestNG更适合复杂的集成测试
1.2 基本介绍
(1)基本注解:决定执行顺序
例:
@Test:标记一个类或方法作为测试的一部分
@beforeTest、@afterTest:做前置或后置处理
(2)属性
例:
groups:分组测试
dependsOnGroups:依赖测试
description:描述
(3)测试套件
组织测试类一起执行的或者一组行为的测试用例的集合,由一个XML文件标记
2. 测试报告ExtentReport
2.1 添加测试类
ExtentTestNGIReporterListener
2.2 基本配置
在测试套件中 @listener标签下添加监听器
3. HttpClient
一个HTTP客户端编程工具,可用来发送请求、接收响应
4. MyBatis
持久层框架,支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。
可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生信息。
5. MySQL
存储测试用例
二. 编写步骤及文件目录结构
1. 测试用例的表结构设计
2. 基础配置文件设计
2.1 pom.xml:引入第三方依赖包
配置httpclient、json、mybatis、mysql、lombok、extentreports、testng的各种依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>AutoTest</artifactId>
<groupId>Chapter</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>Chapter12</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20170516</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.relevantcodes</groupId>
<artifactId>extentreports</artifactId>
<version>2.41.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.vimalselvam</groupId>
<artifactId>testng-extentsreport</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aventstack</groupId>
<artifactId>extentreports</artifactId>
<version>3.0.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.2 databaseConfig.xml:数据库配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 注册对象的空间命名 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<!-- 1.加载数据库驱动 -->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!-- 2.数据库连接地址 -->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/course?serverTimezone=GMT"/>
<!-- 数据库用户... -->
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<!-- 数据库密码... -->
<property name="password" value="12345678"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 注册映射文件:java对象与数据库之间的xml文件路径! -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper/SQLMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
2.3 application.properties:接口信息配置文件
test.url=http://localhost:8080
#登陆接口uri
login.uri=/v1/login
2.4 testng.xml:用以执行所有testng的测试套件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<suite name="用户管理系统测试套件">
<test name="用户管理系统测试用例">
<classes>
<class name="com.tester.cases.LoginTest">
<methods>
<include name="loginTrue"/>
<include name="loginFalse"/>
</methods>
</class>
</classes>
</test>
<listeners>
<listener class-name="com.tester.config.ExtentTestNGIReporterListener"/>
</listeners>
</suite>
2.5 SQLMapper.xml:用以存储所有测试用例的SQL语句
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.tester.model">
<!--获取登陆接口case-->
<select id="loginCase" parameterType="Integer" resultType="com.tester.model.LoginCase">
select *from logincase where id=#{id};
</select>
</mapper>
3. model层、config层、utils层、cases层
3.1 model层:放置各个接口的数据配置文件+InterfaceName枚举
3.1.1 放置登录接口的数据配置文件LoginCase.java
package com.tester.model;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class LoginCase {
private int id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private String expected;
}
3.1.2 InterfaceName.java
package com.tester.model;
public enum InterfaceName {
LOGIN
}
3.2 Config层:配置信息TestConfig类+ExtentTestNGReportListener类
3.2.1TestConfig类:声明各个测试用例的URL、和之后要用的一些全局变量
package com.tester.config;
import lombok.Data;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
@Data
public class TestConfig {
//登陆接口uri
public static String loginUrl;
//声明http客户端
public static DefaultHttpClient defaultHttpClient;
//用来存储cookies信息的变量
public static CookieStore store;
}
3.2.2 ExtentTestNGReportListener类:测试报告配置
package com.tester.config;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentReports;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentTest;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.ResourceCDN;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.Status;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.model.TestAttribute;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.ExtentHtmlReporter;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.configuration.ChartLocation;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.configuration.Theme;
import org.testng.*;
import org.testng.xml.XmlSuite;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.*;
public class ExtentTestNGIReporterListener implements IReporter {
//生成的路径以及文件名
private static final String OUTPUT_FOLDER = "test-output/";
private static final String FILE_NAME = "index.html";
private ExtentReports extent;
@Override
public void generateReport(List<XmlSuite> xmlSuites, List<ISuite> suites, String outputDirectory) {
init();
boolean createSuiteNode = false;
if(suites.size()>1){
createSuiteNode=true;
}
for (ISuite suite : suites) {
Map<String, ISuiteResult> result = suite.getResults();
//如果suite里面没有任何用例,直接跳过,不在报告里生成
if(result.size()==0){
continue;
}
//统计suite下的成功、失败、跳过的总用例数
int suiteFailSize=0;
int suitePassSize=0;
int suiteSkipSize=0;
ExtentTest suiteTest=null;
//存在多个suite的情况下,在报告中将同一个一个suite的测试结果归为一类,创建一级节点。
if(createSuiteNode){
suiteTest = extent.createTest(suite.getName()).assignCategory(suite.getName());
}
boolean createSuiteResultNode = false;
if(result.size()>1){
createSuiteResultNode=true;
}
for (ISuiteResult r : result.values()) {
ExtentTest resultNode;
ITestContext context = r.getTestContext();
if(createSuiteResultNode){
//没有创建suite的情况下,将在SuiteResult的创建为一级节点,否则创建为suite的一个子节点。
if( null == suiteTest){
resultNode = extent.createTest(r.getTestContext().getName());
}else{
resultNode = suiteTest.createNode(r.getTestContext().getName());
}
}else{
resultNode = suiteTest;
}
if(resultNode != null){
resultNode.getModel().setName(suite.getName()+" : "+r.getTestContext().getName());
if(resultNode.getModel().hasCategory()){
resultNode.assignCategory(r.getTestContext().getName());
}else{
resultNode.assignCategory(suite.getName(),r.getTestContext().getName());
}
resultNode.getModel().setStartTime(r.getTestContext().getStartDate());
resultNode.getModel().setEndTime(r.getTestContext().getEndDate());
//统计SuiteResult下的数据
int passSize = r.getTestContext().getPassedTests().size();
int failSize = r.getTestContext().getFailedTests().size();
int skipSize = r.getTestContext().getSkippedTests().size();
suitePassSize += passSize;
suiteFailSize += failSize;
suiteSkipSize += skipSize;
if(failSize>0){
resultNode.getModel().setStatus(Status.FAIL);
}
resultNode.getModel().setDescription(String.format("Pass: %s ; Fail: %s ; Skip: %s ;",passSize,failSize,skipSize));
}
buildTestNodes(resultNode,context.getFailedTests(), Status.FAIL);
buildTestNodes(resultNode,context.getSkippedTests(), Status.SKIP);
buildTestNodes(resultNode,context.getPassedTests(), Status.PASS);
}
if(suiteTest!= null){
suiteTest.getModel().setDescription(String.format("Pass: %s ; Fail: %s ; Skip: %s ;",suitePassSize,suiteFailSize,suiteSkipSize));
if(suiteFailSize>0){
suiteTest.getModel().setStatus(Status.FAIL);
}
}
}
// for (String s : Reporter.getOutput()) {
// extent.setTestRunnerOutput(s);
// }
extent.flush();
}
private void init() {
//文件夹不存在的话进行创建
File reportDir= new File(OUTPUT_FOLDER);
if(!reportDir.exists()&& !reportDir .isDirectory()){
reportDir.mkdir();
}
ExtentHtmlReporter htmlReporter = new ExtentHtmlReporter(OUTPUT_FOLDER + FILE_NAME);
// 设置静态文件的DNS
//怎么样解决cdn.rawgit.com访问不了的情况
htmlReporter.config().setResourceCDN(ResourceCDN.EXTENTREPORTS);
htmlReporter.config().setDocumentTitle("api自动化测试报告");
htmlReporter.config().setReportName("api自动化测试报告");
htmlReporter.config().setChartVisibilityOnOpen(true);
htmlReporter.config().setTestViewChartLocation(ChartLocation.TOP);
htmlReporter.config().setTheme(Theme.STANDARD);
htmlReporter.config().setCSS(".node.level-1 ul{ display:none;} .node.level-1.active ul{display:block;}");
extent = new ExtentReports();
extent.attachReporter(htmlReporter);
extent.setReportUsesManualConfiguration(true);
}
private void buildTestNodes(ExtentTest extenttest, IResultMap tests, Status status) {
//存在父节点时,获取父节点的标签
String[] categories=new String[0];
if(extenttest != null ){
List<TestAttribute> categoryList = extenttest.getModel().getCategoryContext().getAll();
categories = new String[categoryList.size()];
for(int index=0;index<categoryList.size();index++){
categories[index] = categoryList.get(index).getName();
}
}
ExtentTest test;
if (tests.size() > 0) {
//调整用例排序,按时间排序
Set<ITestResult> treeSet = new TreeSet<ITestResult>(new Comparator<ITestResult>() {
@Override
public int compare(ITestResult o1, ITestResult o2) {
return o1.getStartMillis()<o2.getStartMillis()?-1:1;
}
});
treeSet.addAll(tests.getAllResults());
for (ITestResult result : treeSet) {
Object[] parameters = result.getParameters();
String name="";
//如果有参数,则使用参数的toString组合代替报告中的name
for(Object param:parameters){
name+=param.toString();
}
if(name.length()>0){
if(name.length()>50){
name= name.substring(0,49)+"...";
}
}else{
name = result.getMethod().getMethodName();
}
if(extenttest==null){
test = extent.createTest(name);
}else{
//作为子节点进行创建时,设置同父节点的标签一致,便于报告检索。
test = extenttest.createNode(name).assignCategory(categories);
}
//test.getModel().setDescription(description.toString());
//test = extent.createTest(result.getMethod().getMethodName());
for (String group : result.getMethod().getGroups())
test.assignCategory(group);
List<String> outputList = Reporter.getOutput(result);
for(String output:outputList){
//将用例的log输出报告中
test.debug(output);
}
if (result.getThrowable() != null) {
test.log(status, result.getThrowable());
}
else {
test.log(status, "Test " + status.toString().toLowerCase() + "ed");
}
test.getModel().setStartTime(getTime(result.getStartMillis()));
test.getModel().setEndTime(getTime(result.getEndMillis()));
}
}
}
private Date getTime(long millis) {
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTimeInMillis(millis);
return calendar.getTime();
}
}
3.3 utils层: 抽取公用的方法ConfigFile类+DatabaseUtil类
3.3.1 ConfigFile类:对各个测试用例的URL进行赋值
package com.tester.utils;
import com.tester.model.InterfaceName;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
public class ConfigFile {
public static ResourceBundle bundle=ResourceBundle.getBundle("application", Locale.CHINA);
public static String getUrl(InterfaceName name){
String address=bundle.getString("test.url");
String uri="";
String testUrl;
if(name==InterfaceName.LOGIN){
uri=bundle.getString("login.uri");
}
testUrl=address+uri;
return testUrl;
}
}
3.3.2 DatabaseUtil类:配置一个getSqlSession()方法
作用是执行配置文件SQLMapper中的SQL语句
package com.tester.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
public class DatabaseUtil {
public static SqlSession getSqlSession() throws IOException {
//获取配置的资源文件
Reader reader= Resources.getResourceAsReader("databaseConfig.xml");
//得到SqlSessionFactory,使用类加载器加载xml文件
SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
//得到sqlsession对象,这个对象就能执行配置文件中的sql语句啦
SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
return session;
}
}
3.4 cases层:用来放接口的测试用例
package com.tester.cases;
import com.tester.config.TestConfig;
import com.tester.model.InterfaceName;
import com.tester.model.LoginCase;
import com.tester.utils.ConfigFile;
import com.tester.utils.DatabaseUtil;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
public class LoginTest {
@BeforeTest(groups = "loginTrue",description = "测试准备工作,获取HttpClient对象")
public void beforeTest(){
TestConfig.getUserInfoUrl= ConfigFile.getUrl(InterfaceName.GETUSERINFO);
TestConfig.getUserListUrl=ConfigFile.getUrl(InterfaceName.GETUSERLIST);
TestConfig.addUserUrl=ConfigFile.getUrl(InterfaceName.ADDUSERINFO);
TestConfig.loginUrl=ConfigFile.getUrl(InterfaceName.LOGIN);
TestConfig.updateUserInfoUrl=ConfigFile.getUrl(InterfaceName.UPDATEUSERINFO);
TestConfig.defaultHttpClient=new DefaultHttpClient();
}
@Test(groups = "loginTrue",description = "用户成功登陆接口")
public void loginTrue() throws IOException {
SqlSession session= DatabaseUtil.getSqlSession();
LoginCase loginCase=session.selectOne("loginCase",1);
System.out.println(loginCase.toString());
System.out.println(TestConfig.loginUrl);
//下边的代码为写完接口的测试代码
String result=getResult(loginCase);
//处理结果,就是判断返回结果是否符合预期
Assert.assertEquals(loginCase.getExpected(),result);
}
@Test(groups = "loginFalse",description = "用户登录接口失败")
public void loginFalse() throws IOException {
SqlSession session=DatabaseUtil.getSqlSession();
LoginCase loginCase=session.selectOne("loginCase",2);
System.out.println(loginCase.toString());
System.out.println(TestConfig.loginUrl);
//下边的代码为写完接口的测试代码
String result=getResult(loginCase);
//处理结果,就是判断返回结果是否符合预期
Assert.assertEquals(loginCase.getExpected(),result);
}
private String getResult(LoginCase loginCase) throws IOException {
//下边的代码为写完接口的测试代码
HttpPost post=new HttpPost(TestConfig.loginUrl);
JSONObject param=new JSONObject();
param.put("userName",loginCase.getUserName());
param.put("password",loginCase.getPassword());
//设置请求头信息,设置header
post.setHeader("content-type","application/json");
//将参数信息添加到方法中
StringEntity entity=new StringEntity(param.toString(),"utf-8");
post.setEntity(entity);
//声明一个对象来进行响应结果的存储
String result;
//执行post方法
HttpResponse response=TestConfig.defaultHttpClient.execute(post);
//获取响应结果
result= EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
TestConfig.store=TestConfig.defaultHttpClient.getCookieStore();
return result;
}
}