JavaWeb基础入门--XML入门

主要内容:


 XML:
 

XML与HTML的比较:
 

例如:
 


XML的用途:


XML文档结构:
 


XML声明:只能放在第一行 


XML标签:
 

合法的标签名:
 

适当的注释与缩进:

合理使用属性:
 

处理特殊字符:
 

实体引用:用替代的方法使用特殊字符

CDATA标签:

有序的子元素:
 


案例测试:
将其写入xml文档

测试代码:
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<teaching-plan attribute="教学计划">

	<course attribute="课程">
		<course-name attribute="课程名">大学英语</course-name>
		<class-hour attribute="课时">36</class-hour>
		<exam-form attribute="考核方式">考试</exam-form>
	</course>
	
	<course attribute="课程">
		<course-name attribute="课程名">高等数学</course-name>
		<class-hour attribute="课时">70</class-hour>
		<exam-form attribute="考核方式">考试</exam-form>
	</course>
	
	<course attribute="课程">
		<course-name attribute="课程名">计算机应用基础</course-name>
		<class-hour attribute="课时">108</class-hour>
		<exam-form attribute="考核方式">上机考试</exam-form>
	</course>
	

</teaching-plan>

输出结果:直接将xml文件拖到浏览器中


XML语意约束:

DTD约束:hr (employee)   中间必须添加空格

DTD定义节点:

DTD定义节点数量:
 

XML引用DTD文件:
 

创建DTD文件:
测试代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- XML的规范 -->
<!-- 必须用空格隔开 -->
<!ELEMENT hr (employee+)>
<!ELEMENT employee (name,age,salary,department)>

<!-- 对属性进行定义 -->
<!ATTLIST employee no CDATA "">

<!-- 纯文本节点 -->
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT salary (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT department (dname,address)>
<!ELEMENT dname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>

在XML文件进行导入:SYSTEM代表的是本地文件

<!DOCTYPE hr SYSTEM "hr.dtd">

编程练习:

测试代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- XML的规范 -->
<!-- 必须用空格隔开 -->
<!ELEMENT teaching-plan (course+)>
<!ELEMENT course (course-name,class-hour,exam-form)>

<!-- 对属性进行定义 -->
<!ATTLIST teaching-plan attribute CDATA "">
<!ATTLIST course attribute CDATA "">
<!ATTLIST course-name attribute CDATA "">
<!ATTLIST class-hour attribute CDATA "">
<!ATTLIST exam-form attribute CDATA "">

<!-- 纯文本节点 -->
<!ELEMENT teaching-plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT course (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT course-name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT class-hour (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exam-form (#PCDATA)>

XML Schema:

测试代码:

对于下面的添加约束:
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 人力资源管理系统 -->
<hr xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="hr.xsd">
	<employee no="3309">
		<name>张三</name>
		<age>31</age>
		<salary>4000</salary>
		<department>
			<dname>会计部</dname>
			<address>XX大厦-B103</address>
		</department>
	</employee>
	<employee no="3310">
		<name>李四</name>
		<age>23</age>
		<salary>3000</salary>
		<department>
			<dname>工程部</dname>
			<address>XX大厦-B104</address>
		</department>
	</employee>
</hr>

XML Schema:xsd文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
	<element name="hr">
		<!-- complexType标签含义是复杂节点,包含子节点时必须使用这个标签 -->
		<complexType>
			<sequence>
				<element name="employee" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="9999">
					<complexType>
						<sequence>
							<element name="name" type="string"></element>
							<element name="age">
								<simpleType>
									<restriction base="integer">
										<minInclusive value="18"></minInclusive>
										<maxInclusive value="60"></maxInclusive>
									</restriction>
								</simpleType>
							</element>
							<element name="salary" type="integer"></element>
							<element name="department">
								<complexType>
									<sequence>
										<element name="dname" type="string"></element>
										<element name="address" type="string"></element>
									</sequence>
								</complexType>
							</element>
						</sequence>
						<attribute name="no" type="string" use="required"></attribute>					
					</complexType>
				</element>
			</sequence>
		</complexType>
	</element>	
</schema>

案例测试:暂时搁置

 


DOM文档对象模型:


DOM4j:


DOM4j遍历XML:首先将 dom4j-2.2.1.jar包 add path到工程中
测试代码:
 

package com.imooc.dom4j;

import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class HrReader {
	
	//读取XML文件方法
	public void readXml(){
		String file = "/Users/lcs/eclipse-workspace/xml/src/hr.xml";
		
		//SAXReader类是读取XML文件的核心类,用于将XML解析后以“树”的形式保存在内存中
		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader(); 
		try {
			Document document = reader.read(file);
			
			//获取XML文档的根节点,即hr标签
			Element root = document.getRootElement();
			
			//elements方法用于获取指定的标签集合
			List<Element> employees = root.elements("employee");
			
			for(Element employee:employees) {
				//element()用于获取唯一的子节点对象
				Element name = employee.element("name");
				//getText()标签用于获取标签文本 
				String empName = name.getText();
				System.out.print(empName);
				
				//获取属性
				Attribute att = employee.attribute("no");
				System.out.println("  工号:"+att.getText()); 
				
				System.out.println(employee.elementText("age"));
				System.out.println(employee.elementText("salary"));
				
				Element department = employee.element("department");
				System.out.println(department.element("dname").getText());
				System.out.println(department.element("address").getText());
				
				
				
				System.out.println("================");
			}
			
			
			
		} catch (DocumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HrReader reader = new HrReader();
		reader.readXml();
	}

}

输出结果:
 

张三  工号:3309
30
4000
会计部
XX-大厦-B103
================
莉丝  工号:3310
30
5000
工厂部
XX-大厦-B104
================

DOM4j更新XML:写入一个人员信息到hr.xml中

package com.imooc.dom4j;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class HrWriter {

	public void writeXml() {
		String file = "/Users/lcs/eclipse-workspace/xml/src/hr.xml";
		// SAXReader类是读取XML文件的核心类,用于将XML解析后以“树”的形式保存在内存中
		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

		try {
			Document document = reader.read(file);
			// 获取XML文档的根节点,即hr标签
			Element root = document.getRootElement();

			// addElement()方法用于创造一个传入参数类型的元素
			Element employee = root.addElement("employee");

			// 然后在新建的employee上增加属性
			employee.addAttribute("no", "3311");
			// 增加子节点
			Element name = employee.addElement("name");
			name.setText("王五");

			employee.addElement("age").setText("37");
			employee.addElement("salary").setText("9000");

			Element department = employee.addElement("department");
			department.addElement("dname").setText("人事部");
			department.addElement("address").setText("XX-大厦-A108");

			// 已经在内存中完成了编写,接下来将其导入到XML文件
			Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), "UTF-8");
			document.write(writer);
			writer.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		HrWriter hrWriter = new HrWriter();
		hrWriter.writeXml();

	}

}

查看hr.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hr SYSTEM "hr.dtd"><!-- 人力资源管理系统 -->
<hr>
	<employee no="3309">
		<name>张三</name>
		<age>30</age>
		<salary>4000</salary>
		<department>
			<dname>会计部</dname>
			<address>XX-大厦-B103</address>
		</department>
	</employee>

	<employee no="3310">
		<name>莉丝</name>
		<age>30</age>
		<salary>5000</salary>
		<department>
			<dname>工厂部</dname>
			<address>XX-大厦-B104</address>
		</department>
	</employee>

	<employee no="3311">
		<name>王五</name>
		<age>37</age>
		<salary>9000</salary>
		<department>
			<dname>人事部</dname>
			<address>XX-大厦-A108</address>
		</department>
	</employee>
</hr>

案例测试:

写入代码:
 

package com.imooc.dom4j;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class Plan2Writer {

	public void writeXml() {
		String file = "/Users/lcs/eclipse-workspace/xml/src/plan2.xml";
		// SAXReader类是读取XML文件的核心类,用于将XML解析后以“树”的形式保存在内存中
		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

		try {
			Document document = reader.read(file);
			// 获取XML文档的根节点,即course标签
			Element root = document.getRootElement();

			// addElement()方法用于创造一个传入参数类型的元素
			Element employee = root.addElement("course");

			// 增加子节点
			Element name = employee.addElement("course-name");
			name.setText("历史");

			employee.addElement("class-hour").setText("50");
			employee.addElement("exam-form").setText("考试");

			// 已经在内存中完成了编写,接下来将其导入到XML文件
			Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), "UTF-8");
			document.write(writer);
			writer.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Plan2Writer plan2Writer = new Plan2Writer();
		plan2Writer.writeXml();

	}

}	

打开plan.xml:格式化后结果为
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plan SYSTEM "plan.dtd">
<teaching-plan>

	<course>
		<course-name>大学英语</course-name>
		<class-hour>36</class-hour>
		<exam-form>考试</exam-form>
	</course>

	<course>
		<course-name>高等数学</course-name>
		<class-hour>70</class-hour>
		<exam-form>考试</exam-form>
	</course>

	<course>
		<course-name>计算机应用基础</course-name>
		<class-hour>108</class-hour>
		<exam-form>上机考试</exam-form>
	</course>

	<course>
		<course-name>历史</course-name>
		<class-hour>50</class-hour>
		<exam-form>考试</exam-form>
	</course>
</teaching-plan>

XPath路径表达式:


XPath基本表达式:

测试案例:


XPath实验室:

测试案例:
 

package com.imooc.dom4j;

import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.Node;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class XPathTestor {
	
	public void xpath(String xpathExp) {
		 String file = "/Users/lcs/eclipse-workspace/xml/src/hr.xml";
		 SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
		 
		 try {
			Document document = reader.read(file);
			
			//核心方法
			List<Node> nodes = document.selectNodes(xpathExp);
			for(Node node:nodes){
				Element emp = (Element)node;
				System.out.println("姓名:"+emp.elementText("name"));
				System.out.println("工号:"+emp.attributeValue("no"));
				System.out.println("年龄:"+emp.elementText("age"));
				System.out.println("薪水:"+emp.elementText("salary"));
				System.out.println("==========");
			}
			
		} catch (DocumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		XPathTestor testor = new XPathTestor();
		//输出根节点下的employee
//		testor.xpath("/hr/employee");
		
		//输出所有employee 
//		testor.xpath("//employee");
		
		//输出salary小于4000的employee
//		testor.xpath("//employee[salary<4000]");
		
		//输出名字为李一的employee,用单引号引起来
//		testor.xpath("//employee[name='李一']");
		
		//输出属性no为3304的employee,不用单引号引起来
//		testor.xpath("//employee[@no=3304]");
		
		//输出第一个employee
//		testor.xpath("//employee[1]");
		
		//输出最后employee
//		testor.xpath("//employee[last()]");
		
		//按照指定位置查询
//		testor.xpath("//employee[position()<6]");
		
		//按照指定位置3和8查询,组合符号 |
		testor.xpath("//employee[3] | //employee[8]");
		
		

	}

}

编程练习:

测试代码:

package com.imooc.dom4j;

import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.Node;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class Plan2Testor {
	
	public void xpath(String xpathExp) {
		 String file = "/Users/lcs/eclipse-workspace/xml/src/plan2.xml";
		 SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
		 
		 try {
			Document document = reader.read(file);
			
			//核心方法
			List<Node> nodes = document.selectNodes(xpathExp);
			for(Node node:nodes){
				Element emp = (Element)node;
				System.out.println("课程:"+emp.elementText("course-name"));
				System.out.println("课时:"+emp.elementText("class-hour"));
				System.out.println("考核方式:"+emp.elementText("exam-form"));
				System.out.println("==========");
			}
			
		} catch (DocumentException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Plan2Testor testor = new Plan2Testor();
		
		//输出所有课程信息
		testor.xpath("//course");
		
		//输出课时小于50的course
		testor.xpath("//course[class-hour<50]");
		
		//输出名字为高等数学的course,用单引号引起来
		testor.xpath("//course[course-name='高等数学']");
		
		
		//输出前两条位置查询
		testor.xpath("//course[position()<3]");
	}

}

输出结果:

课程:大学英语
课时:36
考核方式:考试
==========
课程:高等数学
课时:70
考核方式:考试
==========
课程:计算机应用基础
课时:108
考核方式:上机考试
==========
课程:历史
课时:50
考核方式:考试
==========
课程:大学英语
课时:36
考核方式:考试
==========
课程:高等数学
课时:70
考核方式:考试
==========
课程:大学英语
课时:36
考核方式:考试
==========
课程:高等数学
课时:70
考核方式:考试
==========

总结:

get

 

评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值