HttpURLConnection的用法

  为了使用这个类，我们模拟来发送请求。

我们在京东万象中申请了一个免费的api接口，来模拟这个请求。

 代码示例如下：

package cn.xiaomin.http;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;

/**
 * HttpURLConnection的用法
 * 模拟http请求
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class HttpTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //定义需要访问的地址
        URL url = new URL("https://way.jd.com/jisuapi/search");
        //2.与服务器建立连接
        HttpURLConnection conn =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //3.设置请求的方式
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        //4.需要输出的参数,默认为false，不输出，我们让他输出
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        //5.拼接参数信息
        StringBuffer param = new StringBuffer();
        param.append("keyword=").append("土豆");
        param.append("&num=").append("1");
        param.append("&appkey=").append("c57af9eadd710aaf6025bd64672e47c4");
        //6.写出参数
        conn.getOutputStream().write(param.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
        //7.发起请求
        conn.connect();
        //8.接受对方响应的信息 StreamUtils是spring中的包
        String str=StreamUtils.copyToString(conn.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        System.out.println(str);
    }
}

 

返回结果

{"code":"10000","charge":false,"msg":"查询成功","result":{"status":"0","msg":"ok","result":{"num":"1","list":[{"id":"2","classid":"2","name":"开心土豆泥","peoplenum":"3-4人","preparetime":"10分钟内","cookingtime":"30分钟-1小时","content":"粉粉绵绵的土豆泥，加入玉米粒、青豆点缀，色彩亮丽清新，而火腿肠更是增加了口感，造型圆圆的，十分的可爱哦！","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/115137_58878.jpg","tag":"下午茶,减肥,家常菜,春季,甜,甜品,私房菜,素菜,蒸","material":[{"mname":"火腿肠","type":"0","amount":"50g"},{"mname":"玉米粒","type":"0","amount":"30g"},{"mname":"青豆","type":"0","amount":"30g"},{"mname":"沙拉酱","type":"0","amount":"适量"},{"mname":"牛奶","type":"0","amount":"少许"},{"mname":"盐","type":"0","amount":"1勺"},{"mname":"土豆","type":"1","amount":"2个"}],"process":[{"pcontent":"首先将去皮土豆切成块，泡入清水，火腿肠切粒。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162542_28654.jpg"},{"pcontent":"将土豆放入蒸锅，隔水蒸十分钟，取出。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162542_65552.jpg"},{"pcontent":"将玉米粒、青豆，放入蒸锅，隔水蒸十分钟，取出。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162543_51629.jpg"},{"pcontent":"将土豆压成泥，放入火腿、青豆、玉米粒，挤入适量沙拉酱，再淋入少量牛奶，放入半勺盐，搅拌均匀，用模具压成心形，就可以享用了。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162543_43692.jpg"}]}]}}}

 

为了以后方便的使用，我把这个封装了成一个工具类

package cn.xiaomin.http;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;

public class HttpUtil {
    /**
     * 模拟浏览器的请求
     * @param httpURL 发送请求的地址
     * @param params  请求参数
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String sendHttpRequest(String httpURL,Map<String,String> params) throws Exception{
        //建立URL连接对象
        URL url = new URL(httpURL);
        //创建连接
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //设置请求的方式(需要是大写的)
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        //设置需要输出
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        //判断是否有参数.
        if(params!=null&&params.size()>0){
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for(Entry<String,String> entry:params.entrySet()){
                sb.append("&").append(entry.getKey()).append("=").append(entry.getValue());
            }
            //sb.substring(1)去除最前面的&
            conn.getOutputStream().write(sb.substring(1).toString().getBytes("utf-8"));
        }
        //发送请求到服务器
        conn.connect();
        //获取远程响应的内容.
        String responseContent = StreamUtils.copyToString(conn.getInputStream(),Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        conn.disconnect();
        return responseContent;
    }
    /**
     * 模拟浏览器的请求
     * @param httpURL 发送请求的地址
     * @param jesssionId 会话Id
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void sendHttpRequest(String httpURL,String jesssionId) throws Exception{
        //建立URL连接对象
        URL url = new URL(httpURL);
        //创建连接
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        //设置请求的方式(需要是大写的)
        conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
        //设置需要输出
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        conn.addRequestProperty("Cookie","JSESSIONID="+jesssionId);
        //发送请求到服务器
        conn.connect();
        conn.getInputStream();
        conn.disconnect();
    }
}

工具类的用法
 

package cn.xiaomin.http;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("keyword", "梅菜扣肉");
        map.put("num", "1");
        map.put("appkey", "c57af9eadd710aaf6025bd64672e47c4");
        
        String str=HttpUtil.sendHttpRequest("https://way.jd.com/jisuapi/search", map);
        System.out.println(str);
        
        
    }
}

返回结果：

{"code":"10000","charge":false,"msg":"查询成功","result":{"status":"0","msg":"ok","result":{"num":"1","list":[{"id":"2","classid":"2","name":"开心土豆泥","peoplenum":"3-4人","preparetime":"10分钟内","cookingtime":"30分钟-1小时","content":"粉粉绵绵的土豆泥，加入玉米粒、青豆点缀，色彩亮丽清新，而火腿肠更是增加了口感，造型圆圆的，十分的可爱哦！","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/115137_58878.jpg","tag":"下午茶,减肥,家常菜,春季,甜,甜品,私房菜,素菜,蒸","material":[{"mname":"火腿肠","type":"0","amount":"50g"},{"mname":"玉米粒","type":"0","amount":"30g"},{"mname":"青豆","type":"0","amount":"30g"},{"mname":"沙拉酱","type":"0","amount":"适量"},{"mname":"牛奶","type":"0","amount":"少许"},{"mname":"盐","type":"0","amount":"1勺"},{"mname":"土豆","type":"1","amount":"2个"}],"process":[{"pcontent":"首先将去皮土豆切成块，泡入清水，火腿肠切粒。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162542_28654.jpg"},{"pcontent":"将土豆放入蒸锅，隔水蒸十分钟，取出。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162542_65552.jpg"},{"pcontent":"将玉米粒、青豆，放入蒸锅，隔水蒸十分钟，取出。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162543_51629.jpg"},{"pcontent":"将土豆压成泥，放入火腿、青豆、玉米粒，挤入适量沙拉酱，再淋入少量牛奶，放入半勺盐，搅拌均匀，用模具压成心形，就可以享用了。","pic":"http://api.jisuapi.com/recipe/upload/20160719/162543_43692.jpg"}]}]}}}