javascript中的继承

最常见的三种继承方式：

1.构造函数继承

 

//构造函数继承     
function People(name){
	//实例属性
	this.name = name
}
function Student(school){
	//实例属性
	this.school = school;
	People.call(this,'小明')   //构造函数继承
}
//实例方法
People.prototype.show = function(){
	console.log('success show') 
}
var stu = new Student('星星幼儿园')
stu.name;    //小明
stu.show()	 //报错

缺点：只能继承父类的实例属性和方法，不能继承原型属性和方法

 

2.原型继承

 

//原型继承   
function People(name){
	//实例属性
	this.name = name
}
function Student(school){
	//实例属性
	this.school = school
}
//实例方法
People.prototype.show = function(){
	console.log('success show')
} 
Student.prototype = new People()       //原型继承 
var stu = new Student('星星幼儿园')    //创建子类实例时，无法向父类构造函数传参，因此name为undefined
stu.name;    //undefined
stu.show()	 //success show

 

缺点：创建子类实例时，无法向父类构造函数传参

 

 

 

 

3.组合继承（构造函数继承 和 原型继承）

 

//组合继承
function People(name){
	//实例属性
	this.name = name
}
function Student(school){
	//实例属性
	this.school = school;
	People.call(this,'小明')
}
//实例方法
People.prototype.show = function(){
	console.log('success show') 
}
Student.prototype = new People()
var stu = new Student('星星幼儿园')
stu.name;    //小明
stu.show()	 //success show