python 热力图heatmap seaborn库

计算相关系数矩阵

1. 为防止乱码，添加utf-8和unicode_escape，并在中文路径处指定gbk编码格式

# coding : utf-8
# coding : unicode-escape

2. 导入各种库

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn

3. 利用numpy的corrcoef计算相关矩阵

# np.corrcoef(a)可计算行与行之间的相关系数
# np.corrcoef(a,rowvar=0)用于计算列与列之间的相关系数

a=np.array([[1, 1, 2, 2, 3],
            [2, 2, 3, 3, 5],
            [1, 4, 2, 2, 3]])
print("a is :","\n",a)

r1 = np.corrcoef(a)   # 按行算相关系数
r2 = np.corrcoef(a,rowvar=0)  # 按列算相关系数
print("r1 is :","\n",r1)
print("r2 is :","\n",r2)

# 应用公式0.5*value+0.5可以将相关系数矩阵的值域由[-1,1]映射为[0,1]
r3 = r2*0.5+0.5
print("r3 is :","\n",r3)

结果如下：

seaborn库画热力图的参数详解

参考官方API参数及地址：
seaborn.heatmap(data, vmin=None, vmax=None, cmap=None, center=None, robust=False, annot=None, fmt=’.2g’, annot_kws=None, linewidths=0, linecolor=‘white’, cbar=True, cbar_kws=None, cbar_ax=None, square=False, xticklabels=‘auto’, yticklabels=‘auto’, mask=None, ax=None, **kwargs)
seaborn库官方地址

Plot rectangular data as a color-encoded matrix.
以颜色编码矩阵的形式绘制矩阵数据

This is an Axes-level function and will draw the heatmap into the currently-active Axes if none is provided to the ax argument. Part of this Axes space will be taken and used to plot a colormap, unless cbar is False or a separate Axes is provided to cbar_ax.

Parameters:
参数：

• data : rectangular dataset

  • 2D dataset that can be coerced into an ndarray. If a Pandas DataFrame is provided, the index/column information will be used to label the columns and rows.
  • 矩阵数据集，可以是numpy的数组（array），也可以是pandas的DataFrame。如果是DataFrame，则df的index/column信息会分别对应到heatmap的columns和rows，即pt.index是热力图的行标，pt.columns是热力图的列标

热力图矩阵块颜色参数:

• vmin, vmax : floats, optional

  • Values to anchor the colormap, otherwise they are inferred from the data and other keyword arguments.
  • 可选，分别是热力图的颜色取值最大和最小范围，默认是根据data数据表里的取值确定

• cmap : matplotlib colormap name or object, or list of colors, optional

  • The mapping from data values to color space. If not provided, the default will depend on whether center is set.
  • 调色板，取值是matplotlib包里的colormap名称或颜色对象，或者表示颜色的列表；
    作用是将数字映射到颜色空间，如果不设置，默认颜色映射将取决于参数center

• center : float, optional</