spring-cloud 基础 与 负载均衡Ribbon

  Spring_cloud 父工程             eureka-server注册管理服务            userService  服务端             模拟的消费

   

Spring_cloud 父工程

  1.引入坐标

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <properties>                                    版本锁定
        <spring-cloud>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud>
        <mapper-spring>2.0.3</mapper-spring>
        <mysql-connector>8.0.16</mysql-connector>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mapper-spring}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql-connector}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

eureka-server注册管理服务

    1.依赖坐标  版本使用父工程管理

     <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

  2.启动器        @EnableEurekaServer        开启注册服务 注解

@EnableEurekaServer        
@SpringBootApplication    
public class EurekaServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServer.class);
}}

  3. application.yaml  配置文件 

       加入有多个 注册服务 端口为 10086, 10087 , 10088  那么每一个都要 注册其他两个  交叉注册

server:
  port: 10087
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
    #register-with-eureka: false  #不注册自己

    #  instance:
    #    ip-address: 127.0.0.1
    #    prefer-ip-address: true    使服务列表为本身IP地址 127.0.0.1
  server:
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 30000     # 剔除 过期的心跳 周期 ms

    #enable-self-preservation: true  自我保护 机制默认开启

userService  服务端

  1. 需要依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 2. application.yaml 配置文件        加入有两个 注册管理服务       那么 客服端 就需要都往他们那注册

server:
  port: 8083
spring:
  application:
    name: user-server
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
    username: root
    password: 123
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.wyc.domain
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka/,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 30  #每隔30s发一次请求 ,心跳续约
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 90 #最大过期时长

3.提供接口的服务端启动器             @EnableDiscoveryClient     开启客服端  提供api 接口 注解 

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.wyc.mapper")
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class);
}}

  4. 真正实现API接口的   web控制器

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User hello(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return userService.findOne(id);
}}

模拟的消费者

1. pom.xml

     <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 2. 启动器          RestTemplate  一个可以发送http协议的 

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class);
    }
}

3.application.yaml  配置     配置往哪里的 注册管理服务    拉取 列表 同时也是注册自己

server:
  port: 8082
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka/,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka/
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 30  #拉取间隔
    fetch-registry: true  #拉取列表,默认开启
spring:
  application:
    name: consumer-server

 4.    1.discoveryClient.getInstances     拉取列表          2.instances.get(0)   获得 列表里的第一个 获得实例本身

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User hello(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("user-server");
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = instances.get(0);
        String url="http://"+ serviceInstance.getHost()+":"+serviceInstance.getPort()+"/user/"+id;
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);    发起请求
        return user;
    }
}

消费者实现负载均衡 ribbon

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

1.  负载均衡算法   随机, 轮询 ,  hash(根据ip地址)        client.choose   获取所有列表  默认以轮询 方式使用列表中的实例

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    private RibbonLoadBalancerClient client;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User hello(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = client.choose("user-server");  实现轮询

        String url="http://"+ serviceInstance.getHost()+":"+serviceInstance.getPort()+"/user/"+id;
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        return user;
    }
}

2.第二种方式    

    1.在   启动类上的RestTemplate 方法上    加上    @LoadBalanced       相当于一个拦截器   底层与上面一样

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class);
    }
}

    2.  url 地址 直接写成       String url = "http://user-server/user/"+id;            

               会自动根据 user-server  获取拉取   所有列表中的一个实例       并拼凑成 完整请求url          轮询方式

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User hello(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
serviceInstance.getHost()+":"+serviceInstance.getPort()+"/user/"+id;

        String url = "http://user-server/user/"+id;
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        return user;
    }
}

3.  修改 负载均衡算法            修改为 随机算法

server:
  port: 8082
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka/ #,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka/
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 30  #拉取间隔
    fetch-registry: true  #拉取列表,默认开启
spring:
  application:
    name: consumer-server
user-service:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule