清空环境变量和命令
clear all %清空workspace中的所有变量
clc %清空Command Window中的所有命令
变量名命名规则
1.变量名区分大小写
A=2
a=5
2.变量名长度不超过63位
%abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456 = 3
3.变量名以字母开头,可以由字母、数字和下划线组成,但不能使用标点
% 3A = 4
% .a = 5
% /b = 3
a_2 = 3
% a.2 = 7
4.变量名应简洁明了,通过变量名可以直观看出变量所表示的物理意义
A = rand(3,5)
rows = size(A,1)
cols = size(A,2)
* MATLAB数据类型**
1.数字
2 + 4
10 - 7
3 * 6
8 / 2
2.字符与字符串
s = 'a'
abs(s)
char(65)
num2str(65)
str = 'I Love MATLAB & Machine Learning.'
length(str)
doc num2str
3.矩阵
A = [1 2 3; 4 5 2; 3 2 7]
B = A' %转置
C = A(:) %矩阵转换为列向量
D = inv(A) %逆矩阵
A * D
A =
1 2 3
4 5 2
3 2 7
C =
1
4
3
2
5
2
3
2
7
E = zeros(10,5,3)
E(:,:,1) = rand(10,5)
E(:,:,2) = randi(5,10,5)
E(:,:,3) = randn(10,5)
4.元胞数组
A = cell(1,6)
5.结构体
books = struct('name',{{'Machine Learning','Data Mining'}},'price',[30,40])
books.name
books.name(1)
books.name{1}
MATLAB矩阵操作
1.矩阵的定义与构造
A = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9]
B = 1:2:9
C = repmat(B,3,1) %复制矩阵
D = ones(2,4)
%%
% 2.矩阵的四则运算
A = [1 2 3 4; 5 6 7 8]
B = [1 1 2 2; 2 2 1 1]
D = A - B
E = A + B
F = A * B'
G = A .* B
H = A / B
I = A ./ B
%%
% 3.矩阵的下标
A = magic(5)
B = A(2,3)
C = A(3,:)
D = A(:,4)
[m,n] = find(A>20)