MATLAB变量与基本运算

清空环境变量和命令

clear all      %清空workspace中的所有变量
clc            %清空Command Window中的所有命令

变量名命名规则

1.变量名区分大小写

A=2
a=5

2.变量名长度不超过63位

%abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456 = 3

3.变量名以字母开头，可以由字母、数字和下划线组成，但不能使用标点

% 3A = 4
% .a = 5
% /b = 3
a_2 = 3
% a.2 = 7

4.变量名应简洁明了，通过变量名可以直观看出变量所表示的物理意义

A = rand(3,5)
rows = size(A,1)
cols = size(A,2)

* MATLAB数据类型**

1.数字

2 + 4
10 - 7
3 * 6
8 / 2

2.字符与字符串

s = 'a'
abs(s)
char(65)
num2str(65)

str = 'I Love MATLAB & Machine Learning.'

length(str)

doc num2str

3.矩阵

A = [1 2 3; 4 5 2; 3 2 7]
B = A'      %转置
C = A(:)    %矩阵转换为列向量
D = inv(A)  %逆矩阵
A * D

A =

 1     2     3
 4     5     2
 3     2     7
 C =

 1
 4
 3
 2
 5
 2
 3
 2
 7

E = zeros(10,5,3)
E(:,:,1) = rand(10,5)
E(:,:,2) = randi(5,10,5)
E(:,:,3) = randn(10,5)

4.元胞数组

A = cell(1,6)

5.结构体

books = struct('name',{{'Machine Learning','Data Mining'}},'price',[30,40])
books.name
books.name(1)
books.name{1}

MATLAB矩阵操作

1.矩阵的定义与构造

A = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9]
B = 1:2:9
C = repmat(B,3,1)    %复制矩阵
D = ones(2,4)

%%
% 2.矩阵的四则运算
A = [1 2 3 4; 5 6 7 8]
B = [1 1 2 2; 2 2 1 1]
D = A - B
E = A + B
F = A * B'
G = A .* B
H = A / B
I = A ./ B

%%
% 3.矩阵的下标
A = magic(5)
B = A(2,3)
C = A(3,:)
D = A(:,4)
[m,n] = find(A>20)