进程线程编程（二）

3 进程间通信

  （1）利用pipe()函数创建管道

#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int pipe_fd[2];
/*创建一无名管道*/
	if(pipe(pipe_fd)<0)
	{
	printf("pipe create error\n");
	return -1;
	}
	else
		printf("pipe create success\n");
/*关闭管道描述符*/
	close(pipe_fd[0]);
	close(pipe_fd[1]);
}

  （2）管道读写实例
进行父进程和子进程的管道通信：

#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main()
{
	int pipe_fd[2];
	pid_t pid;
	char buf_r[100];
	char* p_wbuf;
	int r_num;
	memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
/*创建管道*/
	if(pipe(pipe_fd)<0)
	{
	printf("pipe create error\n");
	return -1;
	}
/*创建一子进程*/
	if((pid=fork())==0)
	{
		printf("\n");
/*关闭子进程写描述，并通过使父进程暂停2秒确保父进程已关闭相应的读描述符*/
		close(pipe_fd[1]);
		sleep(2);
/*子进程读取管道内容*/
		if((r_num=read(pipe_fd[0],buf_r,100))>0){
		printf("%d numbers read from the pipe is %s\n",r_num,buf_r);		
		}
/*子进程读描述符*/
		close(pipe_fd[0]);
		exit(0);
	}else if(pid>0)
	{
/*关闭父进程读描述符，并分两次向管道中写入Hello Pipe*/
		close(pipe_fd[0]);
		if(write(pipe_fd[1],"Hello",5)!=-1)
			printf("parent write1 success!\n");
		if(write(pipe_fd[1],"pipe",5)!=-1)
			printf("parent write2 success!\n");
/*关闭父进程写描述符*/
		close(pipe_fd[1]);
		sleep(3);
/*收集子进程退出信息*/
		waitpid(pid,NULL,0);
		exit(0);
	}
}

  （3）利用popen()函数执行"ps -ef"命令

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unsitd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define BUFSIZE 1000
int main()
{
	FILE *fp;
	char *cmd = "ps -ef";
	char buf[BUFSIZE];
/*调用popen函数执行相应的命令*/
	if((fp=popen(cmd,"r"))==NULL)
		perror("popen");
	while((fgets(buf,BUFSIZE,fp))!=NULL)
		printf("%s",buf);
	pclose(fp);
	exit(0);
}

  （4）利用FIFO读管道和写管道
读管道：

/*fifl_read.c*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"
main(int argc,char** argv)
{
char buf_r[100];
int fd;
int nread;
/*创建有名管道,并设置相应的权限*/
if((mkfifo(FIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
printf("cannot create fifoserver\n");
printf("Preparing for reading bytes...\n");
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
/*打开有名管道,并设置非阻塞标志*/
fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
if(fd== −1)
{
perror("open");
exit(1);
}
while(1)
{
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
if((nread=read(fd,buf_r,100))== −1){
if(errno==EAGAIN)
printf("no data yet\n");
}
printf("read %s from FIFO\n",buf_r);
sleep(1);
}
pause();
unlink(FIFO);
}

写管道：

/*fifo_write.c*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"
int main(int argc,char** argv)
/*参数为即将写入的字节数*/
{
	int fd;
	char w_buf[100];
	int nwrite;
	if(fd==−1)
		if(errno==ENXIO)
			printf("open error; no reading process\n");
/*打开 FIFO 管道,并设置非阻塞标志*/
	fd=open(FIFO_SERVER,O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
	if(argc == 1)
		printf("Please send something\n");
	strcpy(w_buf,argv[1]);
/*向管道中写入字符串*/
	if((nwrite == write(fd,w_buf,100))== −1)
	{
	if(errno == EAGAIN)
		printf("The FIFO has not been read yet.Please try later\n");
	}
	else
		printf("write %s to the FIFO\n",w_buf);
return 0;
}

4 多线程编程

  （1）在以下实例中，创建了两个线程

/*thread.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/*线程一*/
void thread1(void)
{
	int i=0;
	for(i=0;i<6;i++){
	printf("This is a pthread1.\n");
		if(i==2)
			pthread_exit(0);
		sleep(1);
	}
}
/*线程二*/
void thread2(void)
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<3;i++)
		printf("This is a pthread2.\n");
	pthread_exit(0);
}

int main(void)
{
	pthread_t id1,id2;
	int i,ret;
/*创建线程一*/
ret=pthread_create(&id1,NULL,(void *) thread1,NULL);
	if(ret!=0){
		printf ("Create pthread error!\n");
	exit (1);
	}
/*创建线程二*/
ret=pthread_create(&id2,NULL,(void *) thread2,NULL);
	if(ret!=0){
		printf ("Create pthread error!\n");
	exit (1);
}
/*等待线程结束*/
pthread_join(id1,NULL);
pthread_join(id2,NULL);
exit (0);
}