进程线程编程（一）

1 进程控制开发

  （1）getpid和getppid函数可获得当前进程的PID和PPID，调用方式如下：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
	printf("The PID of this process is %d\n",getpid());	
	printf("The PPID of this process is %d\n",getppid());
	return 0;
}

  （2）利用fork()函数创建子进程，该子进程为父进程的一个复制品，调用方式如下：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)
{
	pid_t result;

	result = fork();

if(result == -1)
{
	perror("fork");
	exit;
}
else if(result == 0)
{
	printf("The return value is %d\nIn child process!!\nMy PID is%d,",result,getpid());
}
else
{
	printf("The return value is %d\nIn father process!!\nMy PID is %d\n",result,getpid());
}
}

  （3）利用execle()函数使用文件名的方式查找可执行文件，调用方式如下：

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	if(fork() == 0){
		if(execlp("ps","ps","-ef",NULL) < 0)
		perror("execlp error!");
	}
}

  （4）用来终止进程的exit()函数和_exit()函数
exit()函数：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	printf("Using exit...\n");
	printf("This is the content in bufffer");
	exit(0);
}

_exit()函数：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
	printf("Using _exit...\n");
	printf("This is the content in buffer");
	_exit(0);
}

  （5）使父进程阻塞的waitpid()函数

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	pid_t pc,pr;
	pc = fork();
	if(pc < 0)
		printf("Error fork.\n");
	else if (pc == 0)
	{	
		sleep(5);
		exit(0);
	}
	else
	{
		do{
			pr=waitpid(pc,NULL,WNOHANG);
			if(pr==0)
			{
				printf("The child process has not exited\n");
				sleep(1);
			}
		}while(pr == 0);
		if(pr == pc)
		{
			printf("Get child %d\n",pr);
		}
		else 
			printf("some error occured.\n");
	}
}

  （6）创建守护进程实例

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

#define MAXFILE 65535

int main()
{
	pid_t pc;
	int i,fd,len;
	char *buf="This is a Dameon\n";
	len = strlen(buf);
	pc = fork();
	if(pc<0)
	{	
		printf("error fork\n");
		exit(1);
	}else if(pc>0)
	exit(0);
	setsid();
	chdir("/");
	umash(0);
	for(i=0;i<MAXFILE;i++)
	{
		close(i);
	}
	while(1)
	{
		if((fd=open("/tmp/dameon.log",O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_APPEND,0600))<0){
			perror("open");
			exit(1);
		}
		write(fd,buf,len+1);
		close(fd);
		sleep(10);
	}
}

2 进程控制开发相关实验

  （1）编写多进程程序
  该实验有3个进程，其中一个为父进程，其余为子进程，其中一个子进程运行“ls -l"命令，另一个子进程在暂停5s后退出

/*exc.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

int main(void)
{
	pid_t child1,child2,child3;
	
	child1 = fork();
	child2 = fork();

	if(child1 == -1)
	{
		perror("child1 fork");
		exit(1);
	}else if(child1 == 0)
	{
		printf("In child1: execute 'ls -l'\n");
		if(execlp("ls","ls","-1",NULL)<0)
			perror("child1 execlp");
	}
	if(child2 == -1)
	{
		perror("child2 fork");
		exit(1);
	}else if(child2 == 0){
	printf("In child2: sleep for 5 seconds and then exit\n");
	sleep(5);
	exit(0);	
	}
	else{
		printf("In father process:\n");
		do{
			child1 = waitpid(child2,NULL,WNOHANG);
			if(child1 == 0){
				printf("The child2 process has not exited!\n");
				sleep(1);
			}
		}while(child1 == 0);
		if(child1 == child2)
		 	printf("Get child2\n");
		else
			printf("Error occured!\n");
	}

}

  （2）编写守护进程
  在该实验中，读者首先建立起一个守护进程，然后再新建一个子进程，子进程暂停10s后，自动退出。

/*exc2.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#define MAXFILE 65535

int main(void)
{
	pid_t child1,child2;
	int i;
	child1 = fork();
	if(child1 == -1)
	{
		perror("child1 fork");
		exit(1);
	}
	else if(child1 > 0)
	        exit(0);
	openlog("exc2_info",LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON);
	setsid();
	chdir("/");
	umask(0);
	for(i = 0; i < MAXFILE; i++)
	{
		close(i);
	}
	child2 = fork();
	if(child2 == -1)
	{
		perror("child2 fork");
		exit(1);
	}
	else if(child2 == 0){
		syslog( LOG_INFO,"child2 will sleep for 10s");
		sleep(10);
		syslog( LOG_INFO,"child2 is going to exit!");
		exit(0);
	}
	else
	{
		waitpid(child2,NULL,0);
		syslog(LOG_INFO,"child1 noticed that child2 has exited");
		closelog();
		while(1)
		{
			sleep(10);	
		}	
	}
}