在PyQt5中嵌入matplotlib

import matplotlib as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore#对于matplotlib嵌入Qt来说，QtCore不是必需的

2.创建一个继承FigureCanvasQTAgg的自定义类
FigureCanvasQTAgg是实现matplotlib嵌入到PyQt5的关键类，用于实现绘图操作。创建一个继承FigureCanvasQTAgg的自定义类，并在__init__()方法中调用绘图操作。axes属性用于实现画图操作。

class MyFigureCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)#添加子图，配置坐标轴

        self.compute_initial_figure()#执行画图操作

        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)#调用FigureCanvasQTAgg的初始化方法
        self.setParent(parent)#设置父窗口，本例中并没有
        #设置控件在布局（layout）里面的大小变化的属性。
        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                   QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                   QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        #用于告知包含该widget的layout：该widget的size hint已发生变化，layout会自动进行调整。
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

    def compute_initial_figure(self):#画图的操作
        y = (3, 2, 5, 6, 4)
        x = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
        self.axes.plot(x, y, 'ro--')

3.创建Qt窗口
创建第2步中的自定义类的对象，并将它加入到窗口的布局中。

class MainWindow2(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)#调用父类QMainWindow的初始化方法
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_DeleteOnClose)
        self.main_widget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self)#建立主窗口
        ll = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.main_widget)#为主窗口增加一个布局
        mc = MyFigureCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)#创建上一步中的自定义类的对象
        ll.addWidget(mc)#把该对象加入到布局中
        self.setCentralWidget(self.main_widget)#把main_widget设置为主窗口

    def fileQuit(self):
        self.close()

    def closeEvent(self, ce):
        self.fileQuit()

4.加入执行代码
创建第3步中窗口类的对象，并调用show()方法

if __name__ == '__main__':
    qApp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    ui = MainWindow2()
    ui.setWindowTitle("Test")
    ui.show()
    sys.exit(qApp.exec_())

5.运行结果

完整代码：

import matplotlib as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
import sys

plt.use('Qt5Agg')


class MyFigureCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=5, height=4, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)

        self.compute_initial_figure()

        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)

        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
                                   QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding,
                                   QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

    def compute_initial_figure(self):
        y = (3, 2, 5, 6, 4)
        x = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
        self.axes.plot(x, y, 'ro--')


class MainWindow2(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.setAttribute(QtCore.Qt.WA_DeleteOnClose)
        self.main_widget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self)
        ll = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.main_widget)
        mc = MyFigureCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
        ll.addWidget(mc)
        self.main_widget.setFocus()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.main_widget)

    def fileQuit(self):
        self.close()

    def closeEvent(self, ce):
        self.fileQuit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    qApp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    ui = MainWindow2()
    ui.setWindowTitle("Test")
    ui.show()
    sys.exit(qApp.exec_())