ubuntu18.04安装mysql5.7.25与配置

1 安装mysql

sudo apt install mysql-server
sudo apt install mysql-client
sudo apt install libmysqlclient-dev

安装过程中是没有提示输入密码的，所以安装完成之后还要自己配置密码，这一步比较麻烦。

2 配置

2.1 配置root密码

1.修改配置文件

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysqlconf.d/mysqld.cnf
在skip-external-locking 下一行添加skip-grant-tables（跳过密码校验），然后重启mysql服务
sudo service mysql restart
此时在终端直接输入mysql便可进入
mysql

登录mysql后可修改密码

mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set authentication_string=password('新密码'),plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
//继续输入命令 将配置保存
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit;

接下来将配置文件中skip-grant-tables删除或注释掉

这里需要注意的是root 的plugin默认为auth_socket，如不修改为mysql_native_password，登录mysql时会报错

mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'

重启mysql服务，登录成功。

2.2 配置字符集

登录mysql后，输入show variables like ‘%character%’;查看默认字符集

ysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

可以看到database与server的默认字符集不是utf8，需要将其修改为utf8

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf 

打开之后最后两行为
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/
说明mysql的配置文件读取为这两个指定的目录

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf 

在[mysqld]下添加character_set_server=utf8

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user		= mysql
pid-file	= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket		= /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port		= 3306
basedir		= /usr
datadir		= /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir		= /tmp
lc-messages-dir	= /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
character_set_server=utf8

重启服务
登录mysql
输入show variables like ‘%character%’;发现修改成功。