IO流学习笔记

知识点1：IO流

			字节流                            字符流
输入流		InputStream						   Reader
输出流		OutputStream                       Writer


文件流:FileInputStream,FileReader,FileOutputStream,FileWriter
缓冲流:BufferedInputStream,BufferedReader(String readLine()),BufferedOutputStream,BufferedWriter(void newLine())

对象序列化 : 把对象的GC中的数据写入到输出流....
反序列化 : 把输入流中的二进制数据还原成对象..


 对象的获取 :
      1) new
      2) 工厂方法
      3) 反序列化
      4) 反射

 常用的流 :
      FileInputStream , FileOutputStream => 处理二进制文件
      BufferedReader, BufferedWriter => 处理文本
      InputStreamReader, OutputStreamWriter => 处理文本
      ObjectInputStream, ObjectOutputStream => 处理地二进制

class Student implements Serializable {

    public static int no = 200; // 静态属性不会被序列化

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int grade;
    private transient double score; // 此属性不会被序列化

    public Student() {}

    public Student(int id, String name, int grade, double score) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.grade = grade;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(int grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", grade=" + grade +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }
}

public class IOTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("hello"); // System.out是打印流, 对应的是屏幕
        //System.out.flush();
        System.err.println("world"); // 错误流使用另外的线程打印

        // 从键盘获取几行字符串, 把它们写入文件keyboard_gbk.txt文件中. 直到输入"quit"命令.
        InputStream is = System.in;
        InputStreamReader isr = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(isr);

            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                if (line.equals("exit")) {
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFileWriter() {
        //FileWriter fileWriter = null; //
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null;

        try {
            //fileWriter = new FileWriter("一个文件.txt");
            fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("一个文件.txt"), true); // 如果要以追加的方式写文件, 第2个参数传入true
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "gbk"); // 在转换流的构造器, 指定编码方式
            bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(osw);

            bufferedWriter.write("我是一个字符串1");
            bufferedWriter.newLine();
            bufferedWriter.write("我是一个字符串2");
            bufferedWriter.newLine();
            bufferedWriter.write("我是一个字符串3");
            bufferedWriter.newLine();
            bufferedWriter.write("我是一个字符串4");
            bufferedWriter.newLine();
            bufferedWriter.write("我是一个字符串5");
            bufferedWriter.newLine();

            bufferedWriter.flush(); // 强行把缓冲区中的数据刷入硬盘.
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bufferedWriter != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedWriter.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFileReader() {
        //FileReader fileReader = null; // FileReader只能处理项目默认的.
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        InputStreamReader isr = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            //fileReader = new FileReader("HashMap2.java");
            fis = new FileInputStream("HashMap2.java");
            isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, "gbk"); // 在处理字节数据时, 以gbk编码方式解码字符串
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(isr);
            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test6() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("对象序列化");
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);

            /*
            System.out.println(ois.readObject());
            System.out.println(ois.readObject());
            System.out.println(ois.readObject());

            System.out.println(Student.no);

             */

            Object o = ois.readObject();
            /*
            Student[] arr = (Student[])o;
            for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
                System.out.println(arr[i]);
            }*/

            System.out.println(o);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (ois != null) {
                try {
                    ois.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test5() {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;

        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("对象序列化");
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);

            Student.no = 10000;

            Student s1 = new Student(1, "小明", 5, 80);
            Student s2 = new Student(2, "小我", 4, 50);
            Student s3 = new Student(3, "小刚", 2, 30);

            //oos.writeObject(s1);
            //oos.writeObject(s2);
            //oos.writeObject(s3);

            Student[] arr = {s1, s2, s3};
            //oos.writeObject(arr);

            Set<Student> hashSet = new HashSet();
            hashSet.add(s1);
            hashSet.add(s2);
            hashSet.add(s3);

            oos.writeObject(hashSet);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (oos != null) {
                try {
                    oos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test4() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        System.out.println((int)'我');
        System.out.println(0x6211);

        System.out.println((char)0x548C);

        System.out.println(0xCED2);

        // 编码 : 字符串 => 字节数组(存文件或进行传输)
        String string = "abc我和你zzz";

        byte[] bytes1 = string.getBytes("utf8"); // 使用项目默认编码方式进行编码
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes1.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(bytes1[i]) + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        byte[] bytes2 = string.getBytes("gbk");
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes2.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(Integer.toHexString(bytes2[i]) + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();

        // 解码 : 字节数组 => 字符串
        String string1 = new String(bytes1, "utf8");
        System.out.println(string1);

        String string2 = new String(bytes2, "gbk"); // 指定编码方式进行解码
        System.out.println(string2); // 52946 -> 25105

    }

    // 练习 : 写一个二进制文件, 写入50个100以内的随机int整数, 再写一个程序, 读取这50个随机数,并打印输出.
    @Test
    public void exer2() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("50个随机数");
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);

            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                System.out.println(ois.readInt());
            }


        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (ois != null) {
                try {
                    ois.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void exer1() {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;

        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("50个随机数");
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);

            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                oos.writeInt((int)(Math.random() * 100));
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (oos != null) {
                try {
                    oos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("二进制文件");
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);

            System.out.println(ois.readInt());
            System.out.println(ois.readBoolean());
            System.out.println(ois.readBoolean());
            System.out.println(ois.readLong());
            System.out.println(ois.readDouble());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (ois != null) {
                try {
                    ois.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;

        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("二进制文件");
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);

            oos.writeInt(20);
            oos.writeBoolean(true);
            oos.writeBoolean(false);
            oos.writeLong(30);
            oos.writeDouble(3.14);

            oos.writeUTF("abc我和你zzz");
            oos.writeChars("abc我和你zzz");

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (oos != null) {
                try {
                    oos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}