java多线程之同步锁

本篇是多线程不安全实例，模拟的是两人取钱的过程，若两人同时取100，会造成余额为负的结果，说明多线程存在安全问题。

首先是不安全的实例。

package lesson04;

public class TestBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account("结婚基金", 100);
        DrawingMoney you = new DrawingMoney(50,0,account);
        DrawingMoney wife = new DrawingMoney(100,0,account);
        new Thread(you).start();
        new Thread(wife).start();
    }
}
//账户
class Account {
     String name;//卡名
     int money;//卡内余额
    //有参构造
    public Account(String name,int money) {
        this.name = name;
        this.money = money;
    }
}
//银行取钱，模拟多线程
class DrawingMoney implements Runnable {
    int drawingMoney ;
    int haveMoney;
    Account account;
    //构造器
    public DrawingMoney(int drawingMoney, int haveMoney, Account account) {
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
        this.haveMoney = haveMoney;
        this.account = account;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (account.money - drawingMoney <= 0 ) {
            System.out.println("卡里余额不足");
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        account.money = account.money-drawingMoney;
        haveMoney = haveMoney+drawingMoney;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里有"+haveMoney);
        System.out.println(account.name+"卡余额为"+account.money);

    }
}

运行结果：

 这里就引入了synchronized同步机制，使用锁加队列的方式确保了多线程操作的安全。这里包括两种：

1、synchronized方法：同步方法：public synchronized void method(args){};

2、synchronized方法体：synchronized（Obj）{}

     Obj称之为同步监视器，可以是任何对象，同步方法中无需指定同步监视器，因为同步方法的监视器就是this，这个对象的本身，或者是classl类

下面使用synchronized方法体对代码进行改造，使线程安全。

package lesson04;

public class TestBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account("结婚基金", 100);
        DrawingMoney you = new DrawingMoney(50,0,account);
        DrawingMoney wife = new DrawingMoney(100,0,account);
        new Thread(you).start();
        new Thread(wife).start();
    }
}
//账户
class Account {
     String name;//卡名
     int money;//卡内余额
    //有参构造
    public Account(String name,int money) {
        this.name = name;
        this.money = money;
    }
}
//银行取钱，模拟多线程
class DrawingMoney implements Runnable {
    int drawingMoney ;
    int haveMoney;
    Account account;
    //构造器
    public DrawingMoney(int drawingMoney, int haveMoney, Account account) {
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
        this.haveMoney = haveMoney;
        this.account = account;
    }
    //取钱
    //synchronized默认锁的是this
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //锁的对象就是变化的量，增删改的对象
        synchronized (account){
            if (account.money - drawingMoney <= 0 ) {
                System.out.println("卡里余额不足");
                return;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            account.money = account.money-drawingMoney;
            haveMoney = haveMoney+drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"手里有"+haveMoney);
            System.out.println(account.name+"卡余额为"+account.money);
        }


    }
}

运行结果：