SpringMVC之第一个mvc程序

1、导入依赖，确保导入web-mvc的依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/javax.servlet.jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.3</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.18</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mybatis依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

并且给项目添加web支持

 

2、编写web.xml ：主要创建DispatcherServlet和匹配请求

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

<!-- 注册DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
<!--启动级别-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

<!-- 匹配请求-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

3、编写springmvc的配置文件，主要是处理映射器、处理适应器、视图解析器以及Handler

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--处理映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>

    <!--处理适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--Handler-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.lizheng.controller.HelloController"/>


</beans>

4、编写controller层的HelloController,实现Controller接口

public class HelloController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {

        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();

        //1、业务逻辑

        String message = "hello,servlet!";

        //2、封装数据，给modelandview 的model
        mv.addObject("msg",message);

        //3、封装要跳转的视图视图给view

        mv.setViewName("hello");

        return mv;
    }
}

5、创建hello.jsp文件,注意创建在WEB-INF/jsp包下6、

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${msg}
</body>
</html>

6、配置tomcat

7、启动tomcat

【总结】MVC一次请求的全过程
1.用户发起请求
2.前端控制器dispatcherServlet
3.dispatcherServlet调用处理器映射器handlerMapping
4.handlerMapping找到对应处理器，并返回对应的处理器对象handler给控制器
5.dispatcherServlet将handler给handlerAdapter处理器适配器
6.handlerAdapter调用handler处理器（controller）
7.controller调用业务层
8.业务层调用dao层
9.dao层调用jdbc或Mybatis对数据库操作返回给业务层
10.controller得到业务层返回的数据以及需要跳转的视图，返回modelandview对象
11.dispatcherServlet调用视图解析器ViewResolve解析modelandview