设计模式——建造者模式(基于《大话设计模式》)

这个设计模式被《Effective Java》推荐在构造器参数比较多时使用，它可以规范化创建流程和具有良好的可读性。

建造者模式：一个复杂对象的创建与它的标识分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
按照《Effective Java》写个类似的例子吧。
方便面，分为干拌面和泡面，他们都属于方便面，有面饼，不过干拌面和泡面的味道有点区别的，就需要分开写，如果直接写一般的构造器写法或者重叠构造器(其实这里还好，参数比较少)，那样对客户端不太友好，不够程序化就容易出错。

建造者类一遍实现于被建造者的内部
方便面父类

class InstantNoodles{
    public enum Size{Big,Mid,Small}

    final Size size;

    abstract static class Builder<T extends Builder<T>>{
        Size size;

        public T setSize(Size size){
            this.size = size;
            return self();
        }

        abstract InstantNoodles build();
        protected abstract T self();

    }
    InstantNoodles(Builder<?> builder){
        size = builder.size;

    }
}

子类：

class BubbleNoodles extends InstantNoodles{
    public enum Taste{Pepperbeef,Picklefish}
    private final Taste taste;

    public static class Builder extends InstantNoodles.Builder<Builder>{
        private final Taste taste;
        public Builder(Taste taste){
            //保证大小不为空
            this.taste = Objects.requireNonNull(taste);
        }
        @Override
         BubbleNoodles build() {
            return new BubbleNoodles(this);
        }

        @Override
        protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }
    private BubbleNoodles(Builder builder){
        super(builder);
        this.taste = builder.taste;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return  "大小为"+ size +
                "口味为" + taste +"泡面";
    }
}
class DryNoodles extends InstantNoodles{
    public enum Taste{Spicybeef}
    private final Taste taste;
    private boolean hamsausage = false;
    public static class Builder extends InstantNoodles.Builder<Builder>{
        private final Taste taste;
        private boolean hamsausage = false;
        public Builder(Taste taste){
            //保证大小不为空
            this.taste = Objects.requireNonNull(taste);
        }
        @Override
        DryNoodles build() {
            return new DryNoodles(this);
        }
        public Builder hamSausage(){
            this.hamsausage = true;
            return self();
        }
        @Override
        protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }
    private DryNoodles(Builder builder){
        super(builder);
        this.taste = builder.taste;
        this.hamsausage = builder.hamsausage;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return  "大小为"+ size +
                "口味为" + taste +(hamsausage?"加火腿肠":"不加火腿肠")+"干拌面";
    }
}

测试类：

@Test
    public void test(){
        BubbleNoodles instantNoodles = new BubbleNoodles.Builder(BubbleNoodles.Taste.Picklefish).setSize(InstantNoodles.Size.Big).build();
        System.out.println("一桶"+instantNoodles);
        DryNoodles dryNoodles = new DryNoodles.Builder(DryNoodles.Taste.Spicybeef).setSize(InstantNoodles.Size.Big).hamSausage().build();
        System.out.println("一桶"+dryNoodles);
    }

缺点就是，代码量真的大了好多