目录
1. 环境配置
1.1 导入jar包
- commons-logging-1.2.jar
- jstl.jar
- spring-aop-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-aspects-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-beans-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-context-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-core-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-expression-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-web-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
- spring-webmvc-5.0.8.RELEASE.jar
1.2 xml配置
web.xml基本配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>SpringMVC-01-HelloWorld</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 中央控制器 (类比struts2的全局拦截器) -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- DispatcherServlet主要用于控制流程 -->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 当值为0或者大于0时,表示容器在启动时就加载并初始化这个servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自己定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理
根据上面的<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>配置我们还要在src下新建一个springmvc.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<!--指定扫描controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
其中"视图解析器"指明了要映射的jsp路径的结构目录,所以在WEB-INF下新建jsp文件夹放置jsp文件,在下面随便建一个jsp文件,命名为hello.jsp
新建cn.itcast_01_springmvc.controller以及Hello.java实例:
//通知spring需要扫描这个类,得到DispatchService解析
//注解相当于调用这个类,里面的参数相当于对应的构造方法
//访问路径名:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-01-HelloWorld/hello/world
//@Controller相当于<bean>注入,参考下面的struts2的<action>注入原理
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class Hello {
//类似配置action,默认为method=RequestMethod.GET请求
@RequestMapping(value="/world")//,method=RequestMethod.POST
public String hello() {
System.out.println("hello");
//返回要调用的jsp页面
return "hello";
}
}
//<package name="struct2" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
// <action name="hello" class="cn.itcast._01_hello.HelloAction" method="hello">
// <result type="dispatcher" name="good">hello.jsp</result>
// </action>
//</package>
运行将会看到你的jsp页面
2. 页面跳转
2.1 实现代码
在Hello.java下添加如下的代码:
@RequestMapping(value="/loginForm")
public String loginFrom() {
return "login";
}
在jsp下新建login页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post">
账号:<input name="user" />
密码:<input name="pass" />
<button>登陆</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
根据login页面我们登陆后要跳转到成功页面,所以提交到后台代码还要执行跳转页面:
@RequestMapping(value="/login",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String login(String user,String pass) {
System.out.println("login"+user);
return "redirect:world";
}
登陆提交后重定向到刚才的Hello.jsp则跳转成功
2.2 post编码统一
在后台打印的中文发生乱码,解决方法如下:
在web.xml中新增节点:
<!-- 统一编码 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>setcharacter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>setcharacter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
3. 参数传递
新建UserController.java添加如下代码:
@Controller
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/list")
public String list( Integer currentpage,Integer pagesize) {
System.out.println("currentpage:" + currentpage);
System.out.println("pagesize:" + pagesize);
return "hello";
}
}
你可以用如下方法测试并打印结果:
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-01-HelloWorld/list?currentpage=2&pagesize=100
当然要注意,如果不传值则会报null,用整形会报错,所以要用包装类Integer,还可以给参数设置默认值,方法改为:
@RequestMapping(value = "/list")
public String list(@RequestParam(value = "currentpage", defaultValue = "1") Integer currentpage,
@RequestParam(value = "pagesize", defaultValue = "10") Integer pagesize) {
System.out.println("currentpage:" + currentpage);
System.out.println("pagesize:" + pagesize);
return "hello";
}
你还可以用 @PathVariable(value="id")将连接字符拼接到url上
@RequestMapping("/get/{id}")
public String get(@PathVariable(value="id") Integer id){
System.out.println("id:"+id);
return "hello";
}
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-01-HelloWorld/get/1
4. 使用Maven构建项目
4.1 基本构建
需要安装Maven插件,eclipse自带可能版本过低,具体操作请见百度
新建项目二为SpringMVC-02-Mvn,利用pom.xml配置jar包(包含以后所有要用的jar包):
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC-02-Mvn</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>5.0.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- <dependency> -->
<!-- <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> -->
<!-- <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> -->
<!-- <version>2.5</version> -->
<!-- <scope>provided</scope> -->
<!-- </dependency> -->
<!-- spring核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- AOP aspect -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- JSTL标签类 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jsonp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.8.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 下载 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
web.xml的DispatcherServlet配置与post编码照搬过来
springmvc.xml放在src/main/resources,代码照搬,但新增下面的代码:
<!-- 匹配注解驱动,要使用spring mvc中的@Controller注解,就必须要配置<mvc:annotation-driven /> -->
<!-- conversion-service注明了类型转换器 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
在WEB-INF建立jsp文件夹和home.jsp,内容随意
新建cn.itcast_01_springmvc.controller和类IndexController.java
4.2 一些注解的使用
IndexController后台代码:
//获取cookie的内置参数值
@RequestMapping("/testCookie")
public String testCookie(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String sessionID) {
System.out.println(sessionID);
return "home";
}
// 获取一类请求头参数
@RequestMapping("/testHeader")
public String testHeader(@RequestHeader(value = "User-Agent") String header) {
System.out.println(header);
return "home";
}
// 跳转条件设置,pass等于10,跳转失败
@RequestMapping(value = "/testparam", params = { "user", "pass!=10" })
public String testParam(String user, Integer pass) {
System.out.println(user + " " + pass);
return "home";
}
//test前接受任意字符访问
@RequestMapping(value = "/*test")
public String test() {
return "home";
}
5. 数据回传
5.1 构建数据提交
新建cn.itcast_01_springmvc.pojo和实体类:
public class Address {
private Integer id;
private String province;
private String city;
//...
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String usern;
private String pass;
private String email;
private Integer age;
private Address address;
//...
在jsp下新建文件夹user和form.jsp(关于${sessionScope.str1}见5.3):
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${sessionScope.str1}<br />
${sessionScope.str2}
<form action="save1">
账号:<input name="usern" value="${user.usern}"><br />
密码:<input name="pass" value="${user.pass}"/><br />
年龄:<input name="age" value="${user.age}"/><br />
邮箱:<input name="email" value="${user.email}"/><br />
省份:<input name="address.province" value="${user.address.province}"/><br />
城市:<input name="address.city" value="${user.address.city}"/><br />
<button>注册</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
控制层代码:
//Controller 负责处理由DispatcherServlet 分发的请求,它把用户请求的
//数据经过业务处理层处理之后封装成一个Model ,然后再把该Model 返回给对应的View
//进行展示。在SpringMVC 中提供了一个非常简便的定义Controller 的方法,然后
//使用@RequestMapping 和@RequestParam 等一些注解用以定义URL请求和Controller 方法之间的映射,这样的Controller 就能被外界访问到。
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@RequestMapping(value = "/form")
public String test() {
return "user/form";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/save1")
public String save1(User user) {
System.out.println(user.toString());
return "home";
}
5.2 数据回传方式
后台代码增加:
// 将数据传到前台ModelAndView
@RequestMapping(value = "/edit1")
public ModelAndView edit1() {
User user = new User();
user.setUser("Bob");
user.setPass("123");
user.setAge(12);
user.setEmail("123@qq.com");
Address address = new Address();
address.setCity("成都");
address.setProvince("四川");
user.setAddress(address);
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("user/form");
mv.addObject("user", user);
return mv;
}
// 将数据传到前台Map
@RequestMapping(value = "/edit2")
public String edit2(Map<String, Object> map) {
User user = new User();
user.setUser("Lisa");
user.setPass("123");
user.setAge(12);
user.setEmail("123@qq.com");
Address address = new Address();
address.setCity("成都");
address.setProvince("四川");
user.setAddress(address);
map.put("user", user);
return "user/form";
}
// 将数据传到前台Model
//这里将user的信息存入session,只字符存入session,当然这个注解可以放在类上面
@SessionAttributes(value = { "user" }, types = { String.class })
@RequestMapping(value = "/edit3")
public String edit3(Model model) {
User user = new User();
user.setUser("Lucy");
user.setPass("123");
user.setAge(12);
user.setEmail("123@qq.com");
Address address = new Address();
address.setCity("成都");
address.setProvince("四川");
user.setAddress(address);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
model.addAttribute("str1", "session1");
model.addAttribute("str2", "session2");
return "user/form";
}
上面实现了三种方式的数据回传到form.jsp,一般使用Model
5.3 session注解的使用
上面的后台代码中,最后使用了 注解和model.addAttribute("str1", "session1");将值存入session,前面的前台代码利用EL表达式取出相应的值
6. 原生API
需要把tomcat的环境包build进来,包含
- HttpServletRequest
- HttpServletResponse
- HttpSession
- java.security.Principal
- Locale
- InputStream
- OutputStream
- Reader
- Writer
这里不做详讲,写个HttpSession测试类:
@Controller
public class HttpController {
//内置api的session
@RequestMapping("/http")
public String http(HttpSession session) {
System.out.println(session.getId());
return "home";
}
}
7. rest风格案例
7.1 处理静态资源
在webapp下新建lib文件夹,在lib下面新建js文件夹,引入jq文件jquery-3.3.1.min.js
在springmvc.xml中添加如下代码:
<!--指定扫描dao -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.dao"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 处理静态资源 -->
<!-- 如果遇到mapping路径,就去找到location -->
<mvc:resources location="/lib/" mapping="/lib/**" />
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-02-Mvn/lib/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js
试着访问jq文件看能否成功
7.2 rest介绍
7.3 遍历数据
再web.xml中添加如下配置:
<!-- 用来过滤rest中的方法,在隐藏域中的put/delete方式,注意 由于执行顺序原因 一定要放在编码过滤器下面,否则会出现编码问题 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>methodParam</param-name>
<param-value>_method</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
新建cn.itcast_01_springmvc.dao以及UserDao.java如下:
@Repository("personDao")
public class UserDao {
private static Map<Integer, User>users=null;
static{
users=new HashMap<Integer, User>();
users.put(1001, new User(1001,"Bob","123","123@qq.com",21,new Address(1,"黑龙江","哈尔滨")));
users.put(1002, new User(1002,"Lucy","123","123@qq.com",21,new Address(1,"黑龙江","哈尔滨")));
users.put(1003, new User(1003,"Lisa","123","123@qq.com",21,new Address(1,"黑龙江","哈尔滨")));
}
private Integer initId=1004;
public void save(User user) {
if (user.getId()==null) {
user.setId(initId++);
}
users.put(user.getId(), user);
}
public Collection<User> getAll() {
return users.values();
}
public User get(Integer id) {
return users.get(id);
}
public void delete(Integer id) {
users.remove(id);
}
}
分别对应增加,遍历,查询,删除方法
在jsp下建立user文件夹,新建list.jsp(这里虽然有删除,修改等代码,但后文中会提示添加这些代码):
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>用户列表</h2>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>id</td>
<td>名字</td>
<td>年龄</td>
<td>操作</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${userList}" var="s">
<tr>
<td>${s.id}</td>
<td>${s.usern}</td>
<td>${s.age}</td>
<td><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="deleteById(${s.id})">删除</a>
<a href="user/${s.id}">修改</a></td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<a href="user">增加</a>
<form method="post" id="deleteForm">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE" />
</form>
</body>
<script
src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/lib/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
function deleteById(id) {
var form=document.getElementById("deleteForm");
form.action="user/"+id;
document.getElementById("deleteForm").submit();
}
function showdata(data) {
console.log(data);
}
</script>
<script
src="http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-02-Mvn/users-jsonp?callback=showdata"></script>
</html>
UserController.java的后台代码:
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String list(Model model) {
Collection<User> userList = userDao.getAll();
model.addAttribute("userList", userList);
System.out.println("users");
//int a=Integer.parseInt("as");
//int b=2/0;
// 显示列表页
return "user/list";
}
7.4 新增操作
后台代码新增:
// 保持restful风格,获取资源
@RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String add() {
// 打开增加页
return "user/add";
}
// 保持restful风格,新建资源
@RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String save(User user) {
userDao.save(user);
// 执行插入
System.out.println(user);
return "redirect:/users";
}
前台list.jsp代码添加"增加的a标签"
再新建add.jsp页面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form name="form1" action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user"
method="post">
账号:<input name="usern" /><br /> 密码:<input name="pass" /><br /> 年龄:<input
name="age" /><br /> 邮箱:<input name="email" /><br /> 省份:<input
name="address.province" /><br /> 城市:<input name="address.city" /><br />
<button>注册</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
这个页面点击注册保存数据回到首页
7.5 删除操作
前台list.jsp已经添加删除的代码
后台代码:
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) throws LackParamException {
// 执行删除
userDao.delete(id);
return "redirect:/users";
}
7.6 修改数据
前台list.jsp已经添加修改的代码
需要添加edit.jsp如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/${users.id }" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT" />
<%-- <input type="hidden" name="id" value="${users.id }"/> --%>
账号:<input name="usern" value="${users.usern}"><br />
密码:<input name="pass" value="${users.pass}"/><br />
年龄:<input name="age" value="${users.age}"/><br />
邮箱:<input name="email" value="${users.email}"/><br />
省份:<input name="address.province" value="${users.address.province}"/><br />
城市:<input name="address.city" value="${users.address.city}"/><br />
<button>保存</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
后台代码新增:
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String edit(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id, Model model){
User users = userDao.get(id);
model.addAttribute("users", users);
// 打开回显页
return "/user/edit";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String update(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id, User users) {
users.setId(id);
userDao.save(users);
// 执行更新
return "redirect:/users";
}
8. SpringMVC执行原理
9. 自定义转换类型
自定义日期类型转换器
实体类User.java中添加如下属性:
private Date birthday;
//...
在add.jsp中添加:
生日:<input name="birthday" /><br />
springmvc.xml添加(第一行是在原来的基础上改动):
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="myConversion" />
<!-- 类型转换器 -->
<bean id="myConversion"
class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<set>
<bean class="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.converter.DateConverter"></bean>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
根据配置的<bean>的类会自动调用我们自定义的类进行类型转换,所以我们新建cn.itcast_01_springmvc.converter下新建DateConverter.java如下:
public class DateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
@Override
public Date convert(String source) {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
sdf.setLenient(false);
try {
return sdf.parse(source);
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
最后点击添加在add.jsp输入日期时可输入2018-9-3这种格式
10. json与jsonp
JSON是一种基于文本的数据交换方式(不支持跨域),而JSONP是一种非官方跨域数据交互协议。
关于这两个的特点又是一大堆知识,详情百度
10.1 获取数据
在原来的基础上新增后台代码:
// @responseBody注解的作用是将controller的方法返回
// 的对象通过适当的转换器转换为指定的格式之后,写入到response对象的body区
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/users-json", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Collection<User> listJson() {
return userDao.getAll();
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/users-jsonp", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public void listJsonp(String callback, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
Collection<User> list = userDao.getAll();
Gson gson = new Gson();
String json = gson.toJson(list);
response.getWriter().println(callback + "(" + json + ")");
}
以上就是将List集合的数据转为json格式
10.2 提交数据
利用ajax提交
add.jsp新增如下代码:
<h2>json</h2>
<form name="form3" action="" method="post">
账号:<input id="usern" name="usern" value="${users.usern}"><br />
密码:<input id="pass" name="pass" value="${users.pass}" /><br /> 年龄:<input
id="age" name="age" value="${users.age}" /><br />
<button type="button" id="saveBtn">保存</button>
</form>
<script
src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/lib/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
$("#saveBtn").click(function() {
var str = {
"usern" : $("#usern").val(),
"pass" : $("#pass").val(),
"age" : $("#age").val(),
}
$.ajax({
url : "savejson",
type : "post",
contentType : "application/json;charset=utf-8",
data : JSON.stringify(str)
});
});
});
</script>
后台代码新增:
// 通过@requestBody可以将请求体中的JSON字符串绑定到相应的bean上
@RequestMapping(value = "/savejson", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveJsonp(@RequestBody User users) throws IOException {
System.out.println(users);
userDao.save(users);
return "redirect:/users";
}
运行查看你的json数据
11. 异常处理
11.1 一般异常
将原来的后台的遍历代码添加一个异常
@RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String list(Model model) {
Collection<User> userList = userDao.getAll();
model.addAttribute("userList", userList);
System.out.println("users");
int b=2/0;
return "user/list";
}
再添加异常处理:
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView handleException(Exception e){
System.out.println(e);
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("error");
mv.addObject("exception",e);
return mv;
}
在user文件夹下新建异常跳转页面error.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8" isErrorPage="true"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%=exception.getMessage() %>
${exception.message }
</body>
</html>
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-02-Mvn/users会跳转到异常并报错误信息
11.2 自定义异常处理
将刚才异常屏蔽,建立一个缺少参数异常
新建包cn.itcast_01_springmvc.exception下新建异常处理代码:
public class LackParamException extends ServletException {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public LackParamException() {
super("缺少参数");
}
public LackParamException(String msg) {
super(msg);
}
}
后台代码新增:
//自定义异常测试
@RequestMapping(value = "/test_exception")
public String testException(String str) throws LackParamException {
if (org.springframework.util.StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
throw new LackParamException();
}
return "home";
}
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-02-Mvn/test_exception?str=w带参数则不会报错
11.3 全局异常
springmvc.xml添加:
<!--指定扫描exception -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.exception"></context:component-scan>
在这个包下再新建一个异常处理类:
//表示出现异常查就插入通知
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
public ModelAndView handleException(Exception e) {
System.out.println("全场异常"+e);
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.setViewName("error");
mv.addObject("exception", e);
return mv;
}
}
再将遍历代码异常打开观察结果
12. 简单拦截器
新建cn.itcast_01_springmvc.interceptor下新建拦截器代码:
public class Myinterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 在执行Handler之前执行,用于身份校验,权限认证,返回true表示通行 false表示拦截
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle1");
return true;
}
/**
* 在执行Handler时返回ModelAndView之前执行
* 如果想要向也买你提供一些公共数据或者一些公共的配置性信息,可以考虑使用这里的modelAndView
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle1");
}
/**
* 在执行Handler之后执行
* 日志,系统性能分析
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion1");
}
}
你可以再复制一个一样的,取名为Myinterceptor2
接下来配置两次拦截,在springmvc.xml中注册:
<!-- 配置拦截器 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 配置多个拦截器 顺序执行 -->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- /** 是拦截所有的文件夹及里面的子文件夹 -->
<mvc:mapping path="/**" />
<!-- 不拦截静态资源 -->
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/lib/**" />
<bean class="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.interceptor.Myinterceptor1"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**" />
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/lib/**" />
<bean class="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.interceptor.Myinterceptor2"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
运行遍历数据页面查看打印内容
13. 文件上传
我直接贴出springmvc.xml以上包括新增所有配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<!--指定扫描controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!--指定扫描dao -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.dao"></context:component-scan>
<!--指定扫描exception -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.exception"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 匹配注解驱动,要使用spring mvc中的@Controller注解,就必须要配置<mvc:annotation-driven /> -->
<!-- conversion-service注明了类型转换器 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="myConversion" />
<!-- 处理静态资源 -->
<!-- 如果遇到mapping路径,就去找到location -->
<mvc:resources location="/lib/" mapping="/lib/**" />
<!-- 类型转换器 -->
<bean id="myConversion"
class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<set>
<bean class="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.converter.DateConverter"></bean>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置拦截器 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<!-- 配置多个拦截器 顺序执行 -->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- /* 是拦截所有的文件夹,不包含子文件夹 -->
<!-- /** 是拦截所有的文件夹及里面的子文件夹 -->
<mvc:mapping path="/**" />
<!-- 不拦截静态资源 -->
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/lib/**" />
<bean class="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.interceptor.Myinterceptor1"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**" />
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/lib/**" />
<bean class="cn.itcast_01_springmvc.interceptor.Myinterceptor2"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
<!-- SpringMVC文件上传 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!--defaultEncoding:请求的编码格式必须和用户JSP的编码一致,以便正确读取表单中的内容。 -->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
<!-- maxUploadSize:设置文件上传大小上限(单位为字节) -->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000" />
<!--uploadTempDir:文件上传过程中的临时目录,上传完成后,临时文件会自动删除-->
<!--uploadTempDir可以不做设置,有默认的路径,上传完毕会临时文件会自动被清理掉 -->
<property name="uploadTempDir" value="/upload/"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
UserController.java再新增:
@RequestMapping(value = "/fileupload")
public String fileupload(String desc,MultipartFile file,Model model) throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
System.out.println(desc);
System.out.println(file);
System.out.println(file.getOriginalFilename());
if(file!=null&&file.getOriginalFilename()!=null&&file.getOriginalFilename().length()>0){
String filepath="D:/Project resources/springMVC/";
String origName=file.getOriginalFilename();
//扩展名
String extendsName=origName.substring(origName.lastIndexOf("."));
//文件名
String newFileName=UUID.randomUUID().toString()+extendsName;
//文件
File uploadFile=new File(filepath+newFileName);
file.transferTo(uploadFile);
model.addAttribute("filepath","/file/"+newFileName);
}
return "success";
}
jsp的success.jsp页面如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="${filepath}"/>
</body>
</html>
万事俱备,只差上传表单:
add.jsp新增:
<h2>文件上传</h2>
<!-- 可以通过配置Tomcat虚拟路径后可以通过
http://localhost:8080/file/e861c7d3-473b-4cc3-8da1-41a7ef2f9d5d.jpg直接访问图片 -->
<form name="form3" action="fileupload" method="post"
enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input name="file" type="file"><br /> <input name="desc"
type="text"><br />
<button>上传</button>
</form>
http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC-02-Mvn/user上传图片并能再success页面预览