一、原始构成
synchronized是关键字属于JVM层面
monitorenter(底层是通过monitor对象来完成,其实wait/notify等方法也依赖于monitor对象,只有在同步块或方法中才能调wait/notify等方法)
monitorexit
lock是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock)是api层面的锁
二、使用方法
synchronized不需要用户去手动释放锁,当synchronized代码执行完后,系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用。
ReentrantLock则需要用户去手动释放锁,若没有主动释放锁,就有可能导致出现死锁现象。
需要lock()和unlock()方法配合try/finally语句块来完成。
三、等待是否可中断
synchronized不可中断,除非抛出异常或者正常运行完成
ReentrantLock可中断
1. 设置超时方法tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
2. lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,调用interrupt() 方法可中断
四、加锁是否公平
synchronized非公平锁
ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁
五、锁绑定多个条件Condition
synchronized没有
ReentrantLock用来实现分组唤醒需要唤醒的线程们,可以精确唤醒,而不是像synchrnozed要么随机唤醒一个线程要么唤醒全部线程。
class ShareResource {
private int number = 1; //A:1 B:2 C:3
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();
public void print5() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1 判断
while (number != 1) {
c1.await();
}
//2 干活
for (int i=1; i<=5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//3 通知
number = 2;
c2.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print10() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1 判断
while (number != 2) {
c2.await();
}
//2 干活
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//3 通知
number = 3;
c3.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print15() {
lock.lock();
try {
//1 判断
while (number != 3) {
c2.await();
}
//2 干活
for (int i=1; i<=15; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//3 通知
number = 1;
c1.signal();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
/**
* 题目:多线程之间按顺序调用,实现A->B->C三个线程启动,要求如下:
* A打印5次,B打印10次,C打印15次
* 紧急着
* A打印5次,B打印10次,C打印15次
* ...
* 来10轮
*/
public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
shareResource.print5();
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
shareResource.print10();
}
}, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i=1; i<=10; i++) {
shareResource.print15();
}
}, "C").start();
}
}