一、搭建Web环境
具体搭建过程,参加上述过程,先Servlet后MVC
1.1 pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>studyParent</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>Spring-MVC-SourceCode</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
1.2 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--1.注册servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置,进行关联-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动顺序,数字越小,启动越早 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
1.3 springmvc-servlet.xml
在resources目录下,添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件,配置的形式与Spring容器配置基本类似,
为了支持基于注解的IOC,设置了自动扫描包的功能,具体配置信息如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--1 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.best"/>
<!--2 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--3 支持mvc注解驱动,
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--4 视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--5 bean-->
<!--方式1: 实现Controller接口-->
<bean id="/demo1" class="com.best.controller.ControllerDemo1" ></bean>
<!--方式2: 实现HttpRequestHandler接口-->
<bean id="/demo2" class="com.best.controller.ControllerDemo2" ></bean>
</beans>
1.4 hello.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
Controller控制器实现的三种方式: ${msg}
</body>
</html>
二、实现Controller控制器的三种方式
2.1 实现Controller的接口
public class ControllerDemo1 implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
System.out.println("方式一: 实现Controller接口" );
// 使用ModelAndView去响应
// 模型数据和视图对象
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
// 添加模型数据
modelAndView.addObject("msg", "方式一: 实现Controller接口");
// 设置视图路径,转发
modelAndView.setViewName("/hello");
return modelAndView;
}
}
<!--方式1: 实现Controller接口-->
<bean id="/demo1" class="com.best.controller.ControllerDemo1" ></bean>
2.2 实现HttpRequestHandler接口
public class ControllerDemo2 implements HttpRequestHandler {
@Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("方式二: 实现Controller接口" );
}
}
<!--方式2: 实现HttpRequestHandler接口-->
<bean id="/demo2" class="com.best.controller.ControllerDemo2" ></bean>
2.3 使用@Controller注解
@Controller
public class ControllerDemo3 {
/**
* Spring MVC 找Controller流程:
* 1.扫描整个项目,Spring已经做了,定义一个Map集合
* 2.拿到所有加了@Controller注解的类
* 3.遍历类里面所有的方法对象
* 4.判断方法是否加了@RequestMapping注解
* 5.把@RequestMapping注解的value,作为Map集合的key给put进去,把方法对象作为value放入Map集合
* 6.根据用户发送的请求,拿到请求中的URI url:http://localhost:8080/demo3 uri:/demo3
* 7.使用请求的uri作为Map的key 去map里面get 看看是否有返回值
*/
//真实访问地址: 项目名/demo3
@RequestMapping("/demo3")
public String sayHello(Model model) {
//向模型中添加属性msg与值,可以在jsp页面中取出并渲染
model.addAttribute("msg", "方式三: @Controller注解");
//jsp名字,/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
return "hello";
}
}
<!--1 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.best"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>