面向抽象编程--abstract类及其继承

package ch1;

public abstract class Geometry {
   public abstract double getArea();
}

上述抽象类将所有计算面积的方法抽象为一个标识：getArea（），即抽象方法，不再考虑算法的细节。

public class Pillar {
    Geometry bottom;
    double height;
    Pillar(Geometry bottom,double height){
    	this.bottom=bottom;
    	this.height=height;
    }
    public double getVolume(){
    	if(bottom==null){
    		System.out.println("没有底，无法计算体积");
    		return -1;
    	}
    	return bottom.getArea()*height;
    }
    
}

以上Pillar类的设计不再依赖具体类，而是面向Geometry类，即Pillar类中的bottom是用抽象类Geometry类声明的对象，而不是具体类声明的对象。

public class Rectangle extends Geometry{
   double a,b;
   Rectangle(double a,double b){
	   this.a=a;
	   this.b=b;
   }
   public double getArea(){
	   return a*b;
   }
}

以下Circle类，Rectangle类，Sanjiao类都是Geometry类的子类，三者都必须重写Geometry类的getArea（）方法类计算各自的面积。

public class Circle extends Geometry {
    double r;
    Circle(double r){
    	this.r=r;
    }
    public double getArea(){
    	return (3.14*r*r);
    }
}

public class Sanjiao extends Geometry{
   double a,b,c,t;
   Sanjiao(double a,double b,double c){
	   this.a=a;
	   this.b=b;
	   this.c=c;
   }
   public double getArea(){
	   t=0.5*(a+b+c);
	   return  Math.sqrt(t*(t-a)*(t-b)*(t-c));
   }
}

public class Application {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    Pillar pillar;
    Geometry bottom=null;
    pillar=new Pillar(bottom,58);

    System.out.println("体积"+pillar.getVolume());
    bottom=new Rectangle(12,22);
    pillar=new Pillar(bottom,58);
    System.out.println("体积"+pillar.getVolume());
    bottom=new Circle(10);
    pillar=new Pillar(bottom,58);
    System.out.println("体积"+pillar.getVolume());
    bottom=new Sanjiao(6,8,10);
    pillar=new Pillar(bottom,5);
    System.out.println("体积"+pillar.getVolume());
	}

}