【Python】【整理】廖雪峰Python教程代码整理——6、模块

4 模块

4.1 使用模块

以内建的sys模块为例，编写一个hello的模块：

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

' a test module '

__author__ = 'Michael Liao'

import sys

def test():
    args = sys.argv
    if len(args)==1:
        print('Hello, world!')
    elif len(args)==2:
        print('Hello, %s!' % args[1])
    else:
        print('Too many arguments!')

if __name__=='__main__':
    test()

命令行运行hello.py：

$ python3 hello.py
Hello, world!
$ python hello.py Michael
Hello, Michael!

Python交互环境，再导入hello模块：

$ python3
Python 3.4.3 (v3.4.3:9b73f1c3e601, Feb 23 2015, 02:52:03) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import hello
>>>

调用hello.test()时，才能打印出Hello, word!：

>>> hello.test()
Hello, world!

6.2 作用域

模块里公开greeting()函数，而把内部逻辑用private函数隐藏起来：

def _private_1(name):
    return 'Hello, %s' % name

def _private_2(name):
    return 'Hi, %s' % name

def greeting(name):
    if len(name) > 3:
        return _private_1(name)
    else:
        return _private_2(name)

6.3 安装第三方模块