3.1 调用函数
abs函数:
>>> abs(100)
100
>>> abs(-20)
20
>>> abs(12.34)
12.34
max函数:
>>> max(1, 2)
2
>>> max(2, 3, 1, -5)
3
数据类型转换:
>>> int('123')
123
>>> int(12.34)
12
>>> float('12.34')
12.34
>>> str(1.23)
'1.23'
>>> str(100)
'100'
>>> bool(1)
True
>>> bool('')
False
函数名赋给变量:
>>> a = abs # 变量a指向abs函数
>>> a(-1) # 所以也可以通过a调用abs函数
1
3.2 定义函数
myabs:
def my_abs(x):
if x >= 0:
return x
else:
return -x
3.3 函数的参数
3.3.1 位置参数
n次幂:
def power(x, n):
s = 1
while n > 0:
n = n - 1
s = s * x
return s
3.3.2 默认参数
def power(x, n=2):
s = 1
while n > 0:
n = n - 1
s = s * x
return s
3.3.3 可变参数
计算a2 + b2 + c2 + ……
非可变参数方式:
def calc(numbers):
sum = 0
for n in numbers:
sum = sum + n * n
return sum
调用:
calc([1, 2, 3])
可变参数方式:
def calc(*numbers):
sum = 0
for n in numbers:
sum = sum + n * n
return sum
调用:
calc(1, 2)
list或tuple使用可变参数:
>>> nums = [1, 2, 3]
>>> calc(*nums)
14
3.3.4 关键字参数:
def person(name, age, **kw):
print('name:', name, 'age:', age, 'other:', kw)
调用:
>>> person('Michael', 30)
name: Michael age: 30 other: {}
>>> person('Bob', 35, city='Beijing')
name: Bob age: 35 other: {'city': 'Beijing'}
>>> person('Adam', 45, gender='M', job='Engineer')
name: Adam age: 45 other: {'gender': 'M', 'job': 'Engineer'}
dict转换为关键字参数:
>>> extra = {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}
>>> person('Jack', 24, city=extra['city'], job=extra['job'])
name: Jack age: 24 other: {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}
简化:
>>> extra = {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}
>>> person('Jack', 24, **extra)
name: Jack age: 24 other: {'city': 'Beijing', 'job': 'Engineer'}
3.3.5 命名关键字参数
检查关键字参数中某参数存在:
def person(name, age, **kw):
if 'city' in kw:
# 有city参数
pass
if 'job' in kw:
# 有job参数
pass
print('name:', name, 'age:', age, 'other:', kw)
命名关键字参数:
def person(name, age, *, city, job):
print(name, age, city, job)
3.3.6 参数组合
def f1(a, b, c=0, *args, **kw):
print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'args =', args, 'kw =', kw)
def f2(a, b, c=0, *, d, **kw):
print('a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'd =', d, 'kw =', kw)