C++学习日记 day005

1、多态（polymorphism）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Shape {
protected:
    int width, height;
public:
    Shape(int a = 0, int b = 0) {
        width = a;
        height = b;
    }

    virtual int area() {   //加上virtual表示虚函数，告诉编译器不要链接到该函数
        cout << "Parent class Area:" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    // 也可在基类中定义纯虚函数，如下所示，虚函数声明时必须=0
//    virtual int area()=0;
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {  // 矩形
public :
    Rectangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) : Shape(a, b) {}

    int area() {
        cout << "Rectangle class area:" << endl;
        return (width * height);
    }
};

class Triangle : public Shape {  //三角形
public:
    Triangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) : Shape(a, b) {}

    int area() {
        cout << "Triangle class area :" << endl;
        return (width * height / 2);
    }
};

int main() {
    Shape *shape;
    Rectangle rec(10, 7);
    Triangle tri(10, 5);
     由于shape基类中也有area函数，所以会输出Parent class Area:,这样得到的是基类中得area
     这就是静态多态或者是静态链接，函数在程序执行之前就准备好了，也被称之为早绑定
     此时只需要在前面加上virtual即可避免这种现象
    // 指向矩形
    shape = &rec;
    shape->area();
    // 指向三角形
    shape = &tri;
    shape->area();
    return 0;
}

2、数据抽象（Data Abstraction）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Shape {
protected:
    int width, height;
public:
    Shape(int a = 0, int b = 0) {
        width = a;
        height = b;
    }

    virtual int area() {   //加上virtual表示虚函数，告诉编译器不要链接到该函数
        cout << "Parent class Area:" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    // 也可在基类中定义纯虚函数，如下所示，虚函数声明时必须=0
//    virtual int area()=0;
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {  // 矩形
public :
    Rectangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) : Shape(a, b) {}

    int area() {
        cout << "Rectangle class area:" << endl;
        return (width * height);
    }
};

class Triangle : public Shape {  //三角形
public:
    Triangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) : Shape(a, b) {}

    int area() {
        cout << "Triangle class area :" << endl;
        return (width * height / 2);
    }
};

int main() {
    Shape *shape;
    Rectangle rec(10, 7);
    Triangle tri(10, 5);
     由于shape基类中也有area函数，所以会输出Parent class Area:,这样得到的是基类中得area
     这就是静态多态或者是静态链接，函数在程序执行之前就准备好了，也被称之为早绑定
     此时只需要在前面加上virtual即可避免这种现象
    // 指向矩形
    shape = &rec;
    shape->area();
    // 指向三角形
    shape = &tri;
    shape->area();
    return 0;
}

3、数据封装（Data Encapsulation）

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Shape {
protected:
    int width, height;
public:
    Shape(int a = 0, int b = 0) {
        width = a;
        height = b;
    }

    virtual int area() {   //加上virtual表示虚函数，告诉编译器不要链接到该函数
        cout << "Parent class Area:" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    // 也可在基类中定义纯虚函数，如下所示，虚函数声明时必须=0
//    virtual int area()=0;
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {  // 矩形
public :
    Rectangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) : Shape(a, b) {}

    int area() {
        cout << "Rectangle class area:" << endl;
        return (width * height);
    }
};

class Triangle : public Shape {  //三角形
public:
    Triangle(int a = 0, int b = 0) : Shape(a, b) {}

    int area() {
        cout << "Triangle class area :" << endl;
        return (width * height / 2);
    }
};

int main() {
    Shape *shape;
    Rectangle rec(10, 7);
    Triangle tri(10, 5);
     由于shape基类中也有area函数，所以会输出Parent class Area:,这样得到的是基类中得area
     这就是静态多态或者是静态链接，函数在程序执行之前就准备好了，也被称之为早绑定
     此时只需要在前面加上virtual即可避免这种现象
    // 指向矩形
    shape = &rec;
    shape->area();
    // 指向三角形
    shape = &tri;
    shape->area();
    return 0;
}