Java - 独占锁(写锁)/共享锁(读锁)/互斥锁
独占锁(写锁):
指该锁一次只能被一个线程所持有,对ReentrantLock 和 Synchronized 而言都是独占锁
共享锁:
指该锁可被多个线程所持有
对 ReentrantReadWriteLock 其 读锁 是共享锁,其 写锁 是独占锁
读锁的共享锁可保证并发读是非常高效的,读写,写读,写写的过程是互斥的。
多个线程同时读一个资源没有任何问题,所以为了满足并发量,读取共享资源应该可以同时进行。
但是
如果有一个线程想去写共享资源来,就不应该再由其他线程可以对该资源进行读或写
小总结:
读-读 能共存
读-写 不能共存
写-写 不能共存
读写锁代码示例
加锁之后:
package com.test.mianshi.lock.读写锁;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
/**
* 读写锁
*/
class MyCache{
private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
private ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void set(String key, Object value){
rwl.writeLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t开始写入:" + key);
map.put(key, value);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t写入完成:" + key);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
rwl.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
public void get(String key){
rwl.readLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t开始读取:");
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(300);
Object result = map.get(key);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t读取完成:" + result);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
rwl.readLock().unlock();
}
}
}
public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyCache myCache = new MyCache();
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
final String temp = i + "";
new Thread(()->{
myCache.set(temp, temp);
}, "1").start();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
final String temp = i + "";
new Thread(()->{
myCache.get(temp);
}, "2").start();
}
}
}
未添加读写锁之前
package com.test.mianshi.lock.读写锁;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
class MyCache{
private volatile Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
public void set(String key, Object value){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始写入:" + key);
map.put(key, value);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "写入完成:" + key);
}
public void get(String key){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "开始读取:");
Object result = map.get(key);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "读取完成:" + result);
}
}
public class ReadWriteLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyCache myCache = new MyCache();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
final String temp = i + "";
new Thread(()->{
myCache.set(temp, temp);
}, "t1").start();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
final String temp = i + "";
new Thread(()->{
myCache.get(temp);
}, "t2").start();
}
}
}