字符串之间的 “+“ 操作会发生什么?

先来看四个示例:
思考:
看着不太相同的程序, jvm在底层实现时是怎样的操作呢? 在程序运行过程中会创建几个对象呢?

示例1:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		String str = "456";
		String str2 = "abc"+"123"+str;
	}

反编译结果:

Code:
      stack=3, locals=3, args_size=1
         0: ldc           #16                 // String 456
         2: astore_1
         3: new           #18                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
         6: dup
         7: ldc           #20                 // String abc123
         9: invokespecial #22                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
        12: aload_1
        13: invokevirtual #25                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        16: invokevirtual #29                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        19: astore_2
        20: return

示例2:

public static void main(String[] args) {		
		String str = "456";
		String str2 = "abc123"+str;
	}

反编译结果:

Code:
      stack=3, locals=3, args_size=1
         0: ldc           #16                 // String 456
         2: astore_1
         3: new           #18                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
         6: dup
         7: ldc           #20                 // String abc123
         9: invokespecial #22                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
        12: aload_1
        13: invokevirtual #25                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        16: invokevirtual #29                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        19: astore_2
        20: return

示例3:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String str = "abc123";
		String str2 = "qwe456";
		String str3 = str2+str;
	}

反编译结果:

 Code:
      stack=3, locals=4, args_size=1
         0: ldc           #16                 // String abc123
         2: astore_1
         3: ldc           #18                 // String qwe456
         5: astore_2
         6: new           #20                 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
         9: dup
        10: aload_2
        11: invokestatic  #22                 // Method java/lang/String.valueOf:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;
        14: invokespecial #28                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":(Ljava/lang/String;)V
        17: aload_1
        18: invokevirtual #31                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        21: invokevirtual #35                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        24: astore_3
        25: return

示例4:

public static void main(String[] args) {
		String str = "abc"+"123"+"456";
	}

反编译结果:

 Code:
      stack=1, locals=2, args_size=1
         0: ldc           #16                 // String abc123456
         2: astore_1
         3: return

分析:
通过观察四个示例的反编译结果可以看到, 对于前三种程序, jvm底层的实现时完全一样;

1. 对于"字符串常量 + 字符串变量" 和 “字符串变量 + 字符串变量” 这两种情况, jvm都是通过创建StringBuilder对象, 调用StringBuilder对象的append方法来实现" + "操作;
2. 对于"字符串常量 + 字符串常量" , jvm是先去常量池里面找,如果在常量池中没有找到相对应的字符串, 才会去创建StringBuilder对象生成该字符串, 返回并放入常量池中