Android学习之旅(4)----自定义View

自定义View

当Android提供的View不能满足我们的开发需求时，我们可以通过继承View来实现自定义组件。一般情况下可以重写以下方法：

• 构造函数
  需要通过构造函数告诉编译器，组件依赖在那个父窗体上。
• onFinishInflate
  回调方法，当应用从XML布局文件加载该组件并利用它构建界面时，该方法被回调
• onMeasure(int,int)
  调用该方法来检测View组件以及其所包含的所有子组件的大小
• onLayout(boolean,int,int,int,int)
  当该组件需要分配其子组件的位置、大小时，该方法就会被回调
• onSizeChanged(int,int,int,int)
  当该组件的大小被改变时回调该方法
• onDraw(Canvas)
  当组件将被绘制时触发该方法
• onKeyDown(int,keyEvent)
  当某个件被按下时触发该方法
• onKeyUp(int,keyEvent)
  当松开某个键时触发该方法
• onTrackballEvent(MotionEvent)
  当发生估计求事件时触发该方法
• onTouchEvent(MotionEvent)
  当发生触摸屏事件时触发该方法
• onFocusChanged(boolean,int,Rect)
  当该组件的发生改变时触发该方法
• onWindowFocusChanged(boolean)
  当包含该组件的窗口失去获得到焦点时触发该方法
• onAttachedToWindow()
  当把该组件放在某个窗口时触发该方法
• onDetachedFromWindow()
  当把该组件从某个窗口上分离时触发该方法
• onWindowVisiblityChanged(int)
  当包含该组件的窗口的可见性发生改变时触发该方法
• invalidate()
  通知界面重绘(自动调用onDraw()方法)

示例程序:简单的涂鸦小程序

MainActivity.java

package com.kong.customview;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Adapter;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    CustomView customView;
    LinearLayout layout;
    Button buttonClearScreen;
    Spinner spinnerPaintSize,spinnerPaintColor;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.linearlayout_layout);
        layout = findViewById(R.id.mainLayout);
        customView = new CustomView(MainActivity.this);
        layout.addView(customView);
        buttonClearScreen=findViewById(R.id.buttonClearScreen);
        //当点击清空屏幕时，将屏幕上的内容清空
        buttonClearScreen.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                customView.clearScreen();
            }
        });
        //寻找下拉框的按钮
        spinnerPaintSize=findViewById(R.id.spinnerPaintSize);
        spinnerPaintColor=findViewById(R.id.spinnerPaintColor);
        spinnerPaintColor.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                if(position==1)
                {
                    customView.selectPaintColor(Color.rgb(255,0,0));
                }
                else if(position==2)
                {
                    customView.selectPaintColor(Color.rgb(0,255,0));
                }
                else
                {
                    customView.selectPaintColor(Color.rgb(0,0,255));
                }
                if(position!=0)
                {
                    String text=parent.getItemAtPosition(position).toString();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"当前画笔颜色:"+text,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {

            }
        });
        spinnerPaintSize.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                if(position==1)
                {
                    customView.selectPaintSize(10);
                }
                else if(position==2)
                {
                    customView.selectPaintSize(20);
                }
                else
                {
                    customView.selectPaintSize(30);
                }
                if(position!=0)
                {
                    String text=parent.getItemAtPosition(position).toString();
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"当前画笔尺寸:"+text,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {

            }
        });
    }

}

CustonView.java

package com.kong.customview;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.ColorInt;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Vector;

public class CustomView extends View {
    ArrayList<Float> cirCleVectorX=new ArrayList<Float>();
    ArrayList<Float> cirCleVectorY=new ArrayList<Float>();
    //创建一个画笔
    Paint paint=new Paint();
    //定义圆的半径
    int radius=15;
    public CustomView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        //给数组设置初值
        cirCleVectorX.add(new Float(radius));
        cirCleVectorY.add(new Float(radius));
    }

    //当界面被重新绘制时调用该方法
    public void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
    {
        //设置圆心位置、半径和画笔
        for(int i=0;i<cirCleVectorX.size();++i)
        {
            //将圆圈初始化在左上角
            canvas.drawCircle(cirCleVectorX.get(i),cirCleVectorY.get(i),radius,paint);
        }
    }
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent motionEvent)
    {
        //获取当前点击事件的坐标
        cirCleVectorX.add(motionEvent.getX());
        cirCleVectorY.add(motionEvent.getY());
        //重绘界面
        invalidate();
        return true;
    }
    //选择画笔的粗细
    public void selectPaintSize(int paintSize)
    {
        radius=paintSize;
    }
    //选择画笔的颜色
    public void selectPaintColor(int color)
    {
        paint.setColor(color);
    }
    //清空屏幕
    public void clearScreen()
    {
        cirCleVectorX.clear();
        cirCleVectorY.clear();
        invalidate();
    }
}

linearlayout_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/mainLayout"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/buttonClearScreen"
            android:text="清空屏幕"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        </Button>
        <Spinner
            android:id="@+id/spinnerPaintSize"
            android:entries="@array/paintSize"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        </Spinner>
        <Spinner
            android:id="@+id/spinnerPaintColor"
            android:entries="@array/paintColor"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        </Spinner>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

arrays.xml

在res/values下创建arrays.xml
属性名必须： string-array

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string-array name="paintSize">
        <item>全部</item>
        <item>10</item>
        <item>20</item>
        <item>30</item>
    </string-array>
    <string-array name="paintColor">
        <item>全部</item>
        <item>红色</item>
        <item>绿色</item>
        <item>蓝色</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>