语法:
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的列表
【order by子句】
注意:查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
一、分组查询的简单使用:
查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;
案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
二、添加分组前后的筛选:
特点:
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 位置
分组前筛选 原始表 group by子句的前面
分组后筛选 分组后的结果集 group by子句的后面
①、分组函数做条件一定放在having子句中。
②、能用分组前筛选的,优选考虑分组前筛选。
2、group by子句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开没有顺序要求),表达式或函数用的较少。
3、也可以添加排序(排序放在整个分组查询的最后)。
特点:
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 位置
分组前筛选 原始表 group by子句的前面
分组后筛选 分组后的结果集 group by子句的后面
①、分组函数做条件一定放在having子句中。
②、能用分组前筛选的,优选考虑分组前筛选。
1、添加分组前筛选:
案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL #commission_pct代表奖金
GROUP BY manager_id;
2、添加分组后筛选:
案例1:
①、查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
②、根据①的结果进行筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数>2(添加分组后的筛选)
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 2;
案例2:
①、查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id;
②、根据①的结果继续筛选,最高工资>12000
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary) > 12000;
案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪一个,以及最低工资
①、查询每个领导手下的员工固定最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id
②、添加筛选条件:编号>102
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
?、添加筛选条件:最低工资>5000
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary) > 5000;
三、按函数分组:
案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组员工的个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
①、查询每个长度的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name) len_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name);
②、添加筛选条件
SELECT COUNT(*) c,LENGTH(last_name) len_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY len_name
HAVING c>5;
四、按多个字段分组:
案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id,department_id;
五、添加排序:
案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并且按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id,department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;
SELECT AVG(salary) a,department_id,job_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id,department_id
HAVING a>10000
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;
六、测 试 题:
1. 查询各 job_id 的员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和,并按 job_id 升序
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;
2. 查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(DIFFERENCE)
SELECT MAX(salary) - MIN(salary) AS DIFFERENCE
FROM employees;
3. 查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低工资不能低于 6000,没有管理者的员 工不计算在内
SELECT manager_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
#where min(salary)>6000 #错误的,带有组函数的条件应该用having子句
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>6000;
4. 查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
SELECT department_id,COUNT(*),AVG(salary) AS a
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY a DESC;
5. 选择具有各个 job_id 的员工人数
SELECT COUNT(*),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;