c++ std::atomic

1. 作用及场景

作用: 原子操作, 不需要互斥量加锁解锁的无锁技术;

场景: 针对的是一个变量;

 效率比互斥量高；用在多线程中不会被打断;

using atomic_bool = atomic<bool>;

using atomic_char   = atomic<char>;
using atomic_schar  = atomic<signed char>;
using atomic_uchar  = atomic<unsigned char>;
using atomic_short  = atomic<short>;
using atomic_ushort = atomic<unsigned short>;
using atomic_int    = atomic<int>;
using atomic_uint   = atomic<unsigned int>;
using atomic_long   = atomic<long>;
using atomic_ulong  = atomic<unsigned long>;
using atomic_llong  = atomic<long long>;
using atomic_ullong = atomic<unsigned long long>;

2. 使用

atomic针对++,-- ,+=, |=,&=,=是支持的,其他的可能不支持;

std::atomic_int g_count = 0;

std::mutex g_mutex;
int g_count1 = 0;
void funcProc()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
        g_count++;

        //std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_mutex);
        //g_count1++;
    }
}

int main() 
{
    clock_t startT = clock();

    std::thread myObj1(funcProc);
    std::thread myObj2(funcProc);

    myObj1.join();
    myObj2.join();

    clock_t elaspedT = clock() - startT;
    std::cout << g_count << " elaspedT=" << elaspedT << "ms" << std::endl;
    //原子操作时间 < 加锁
    
    return 0;
}

3. 成员函数

_TVal load()：以原子的方式读取atomic的值

void store(const _TVal _Value): 以原子的方式写入值value;

void funcProc()
{  
    std::atomic_int g_count = 0;
    g_count++;

    //以原子的方式读atomic对象的值;
    std::atomic_int atm(g_count.load());

    //以原子方式写入内容;
    atm.store(10);

    std::cout << g_count << " atm=" << atm << std::endl; //1 10
}