C语言练习_day2

练习1

从键盘上输入字符,将小写字母转换成大写字母。输入“ctrl + z” 结束。
图1

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main() {
	char c;
	while (scanf("%c", &c) != EOF) {
		c != '\n' ? printf("%c", c - 32) : printf("\n");
	}
	system("pause");
}

练习2

从键盘上输入字符
(1)分别统计一下其中字母,数字,其他字符的个数;
(2)将统计的字母,数字,其他字符的个数以柱状图的形式打印(柱子从高到低)。例如
 5
*****
*****  3
***** *****   2
***** ***** *****
***** ***** *****
alp  num  oth
图2

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

void show(int a[]) {
	//定义三个整型变量
	int max = 0, mid = 0, min = 0;
	max = a[0] >= a[1] ? (a[0] >= a[2] ? a[0] : a[2]) : (a[1] >= a[2] ? a[1] : a[2]);
	mid = a[0] >= a[1] ? (a[0] >= a[2] ? (a[1] >= a[2] ? a[1] : a[2]) : a[0]) : (a[0] >= a[2] ? a[0] : (a[1] >= a[2] ? a[2] : a[1]));
	min = a[0] <= a[1] ? (a[0] <= a[2] ? a[0] : a[2]) : (a[1] <= a[2] ? a[1] : a[2]);
	for (int i = max; i > (-1); i--) {
		if (i == max)
			printf("%3d", i);
		else if (i < max) {
			printf("***** ");
			if (i == mid)
				printf("%3d", i);
			else if (i < mid) {
				printf("***** ");
				if (i == min)
					printf("%3d", i);
				else if (i < min)
					printf("***** ");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	if (a[0] >= a[1] && a[1] >= a[2])
		printf(" alp   num   oth");
	else if(a[0] >= a[2] && a[2] >= a[1])
		printf(" alp   oth   num");
	else if (a[1] >= a[0] && a[0] >= a[2])
		printf(" num   alp   oth");
	else if (a[1] >= a[2] && a[2] >= a[0])
		printf(" num   oth   alp");
	else if (a[2] >= a[0] && a[0] >= a[1])
		printf(" oth   alp   num");
	else
		printf(" oth   num   alp");
}
int main() {
	char c;
	//定义一个含三个元素的一维数组,分别保存各类字符出现的次数
	//其中a[0]表示alp、a[1]表示num、a[2]表示oth
	int a[3] = { 0,0,0 }, ret;
	while (ret = scanf("%c",&c) != EOF) {
		if ((65 <= c && c <= 90) || (97 <= c && c <= 122))
			++a[0];
		else if (48 <= c && c <= 57)
			++a[1];
		else
			++a[2];
	}

	//printf("%d %d %d", a[0], a[1], a[2]);
	show(a);
	printf("\n");
	system("pause");
}

练习3

进制转换:
(1) 将十进制数转换成二进制数。输入十进制数输出对应的二进制数,输入“ctrl + z”结束。
(2) 将二进制转换成十进制数。输入二进制数输出对应的十进制数,输入“ctrl + z”结束。
(3) 将十进制数转换成十六进制数。输入十进制数输出对应的十六进制数。输入“ctrl + z” 结束。
(4) 将十六进制数转换成十进制数。输入十六进制数输出对应的十进制数。输入“ctrl + z” 结束。
10进制转2进制:
图3.1
2进制转10进制:
图3.2
10进制转16进制
图3.3
16进制转10进制
图3.4

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>

//10->2
void DECtoBIN(){
	int i = 0,counter = 0,remainder[16];
	printf("Please enter a decimal number: ");
	while(rewind(stdin),scanf("%d",&i)!=EOF){
		counter = 0;
		//每次循环结束后都要将这个数组重新初始化,否则若前一次输入的数字比后一次大,则输出结果不满足要求
		for (int k = 0; k < 16; ++k)
			remainder[k] = 0;

		while (i) {
			remainder[counter++] = i % 2;
			i = i / 2;
		}
		for (int k = 15; k >= 0; --k) {
			if (remainder[k]==1){
				for (int j = k; j >= 0; --j)
					printf("%d", remainder[j]);
				break;	//结束循环
			}
		}
		printf("\nPlease enter a decimal number: ");
	}
}

//2->10
void BINtoDEC() {
	//利用counter来记录幂
	int i = 0, remainder = 0, counter = 0, num = 0;
	printf("Please enter a binary number: ");
	while (rewind(stdin), scanf("%d", &i) != EOF) {
		remainder = 0;
		counter = 0;
		num = 0;
		while (i) {
			remainder = i % 10;
			num += remainder * pow(2, counter++); 
			i = i / 10;
		}
		printf("%d", num);
		printf("\nPlease enter a binary number: ");
	}
}

//10->16
void DECtoHEX() {
	int i = 0;
	printf("Please enter a decimal number: ");
	while (rewind(stdin), scanf("%d", &i) != EOF) {
		printf("%x", i);
		printf("\nPlease enter a decimal number: ");
	}
}

//16->10
void HEXtoDEC() {
	int i = 0;
	printf("Please enter a hexadecimal number: ");
	while (rewind(stdin), scanf("%x", &i) != EOF) {
		printf("%d", i);
		printf("\nPlease enter a hexadecimal number: ");
	}
}
int main() {
	int m = 0, n = 0;
	//HEX-16进制  DEC-10进制  BIN-2进制
	printf("Please enter 16, 10 or 2: ");
	scanf("%d", &m);
	switch (m) {
		case 16:
			HEXtoDEC();
			break;
		case 10:
			printf("Please enter 16 or 2: ");
			scanf("%d", &n);
			if(n==2)
				DECtoBIN();
			else
				DECtoHEX();
			break;
		case 2:
			BINtoDEC();		
	}
	system("pause");
}

练习4

统计一个整数对应的二进制数的1的个数。输入一个整数(可正可负), 输出该整数的二进制包含1的个数, “ctrl+ z” 结束。
图4

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main() {
	int i = 0,remainder = 0,counter = 0;
	printf("Please enter a decimal number: ");
	while (rewind(stdin),scanf("%d", &i) != EOF) {
		counter = 0;	//每次循环要重新初始化counter变量
		while(i){
			remainder = i % 2;
			if (remainder)
				++counter;
			i /= 2;
		}
		printf("%d", counter);
		printf("\nPlease enter a decimal number: ");
	}
	system("pause");
}

练习5

练习5.1

输入年月日,输出该日期是当年的第几天。
图5.1

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main() {
	int year, mon, day, total;
	int date[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
	printf("Please enter the year month and day: ");
	while (scanf("%d%d%d", &year, &mon, &day) != EOF) {
		total = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < mon - 1; ++i) {
			total += date[i];
		}
		total += day;
		if (mon > 2) {
			total += (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0);
		}
		printf("%4d-%02d-%02d is %dth days of that year.\n", year, mon, day, total);
		printf("\nPlease enter the year month and day: ");
	}
	system("pause");
}

练习5.2

输入两个日期(年 月 日 年 月 日), 输出这两个日期之间差多少天。
公式:sum = delt(year1 year2) - dayofyear(date1) + dayofyear(date2)
图5.2

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int date[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
int DOY(int y, int m, int d) {
	int total = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; ++i) {
		total += date[i];
	}
	total += d;
	if (m > 2) {
		total += (y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0);
	}
	return total;
}

int delt(int p, int q) {
	int total = 0;
	for (p; p < q; ++p) {
		if (p % 4 == 0 && p % 100 != 0 || p % 400 == 0) {
			total += 366;
		}
		else {
			total += 365;
		}

	}
	return total;
}
int main() {
	int y1, m1, d1, y2, m2, d2, difference;
	printf("Please enter a date of any two days: \n");
	int date[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

	while (scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d", &y1, &m1, &d1, &y2, &m2, &d2) != EOF) {
		difference = delt(y1, y2) - DOY(y1, m1, d1) + DOY(y2, m2, d2);
		printf("There is a difference of %d days between these two days.\n", difference);
		printf("\nPlease enter a date of any two days:\n");
	}
	system("pause");
}

练习5.3

输入一个日期,输出该日期是星期几。
公式: a. delt % 7 b. (7 – delt % 7) % 7
图5.3

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int date[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
int DOY(int y, int m, int d) {
	int total = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; ++i) {
		total += date[i];
	}
	total += d;
	if (m > 2) {
		total += (y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0);
	}
	return total;
}

int delt(int p, int q) {
	int total = 0;
	for (p; p < q; ++p) {
		if (p % 4 == 0 && p % 100 != 0 || p % 400 == 0) {
			total += 366;
		}
		else {
			total += 365;
		}

	}
	return total;
}

void week(int year,int mon, int day) {
	int n, difference;
	difference = delt(2018, year) - DOY(2018, 1, 1) + DOY(year, mon, day);
	n = difference % 7 + 1;

	switch (n) {
	case 1:
		printf("The day is Monday."); break;
	case 2:
		printf("The day is Tuesday."); break;
	case 3:
		printf("The day is Wednesday."); break;
	case 4:
		printf("The day is Thursday."); break;
	case 5:
		printf("The day is Friday."); break;
	case 6:
		printf("The day is Saturday."); break;
	case 0:
		printf("The day is Sunday."); break;
	}
}
int main() {
	int year, mon, day, n;
	int date[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
	printf("Please enter the date of day: ");
	while (scanf("%d%d%d", &year, &mon, &day) != EOF) {
		week(year, mon, day);
		printf("\nPlease enter the date of day: ");
	}
	system("pause");
}

练习5.4

输入 一个日期 和一个整数 n,输出从该日期起经过n天以后的日期。
图5.4

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define Judge if(0==--n) return;

int isLeap(int year) {
	if (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0) {
		return 1;
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
}

void calDate(int *y, int *m, int *d, int n) {
	int leap = 0;
	int date[][13] = { {0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31},
						{0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31} };
	while (n != 0) {
		leap = isLeap(*y);
		while (*m <= 12) {
			while (*d < date[leap][*m]) {
				++*d;
				Judge;
			}
			*d = 1;
			++*m;
			if (*m <= 12)
				Judge;
		}
		*m = 1;
		++*y;
		Judge;
	}
}

int main() {
	int year, mon, day,differ;
	while (printf("Please enter a date: "),scanf("%d%d%d", &year, &mon, &day) != EOF) {
		printf("Please enter a difference: ");
		scanf("%d", &differ);
		calDate(&year, &mon, &day, differ);
		printf("The date of that day is %4d-%02d-%02d.\n", year, mon, day);
		year = 0, mon = 0, day = 0, differ = 0;
	}
}

练习5.5

输入一个年份、月份,输出该月份的日历。
图5.5

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int isLeap(int year) {
	if (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0) {
		return 1;
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
}
int DOY(int y, int m, int d) {
	int date[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
	int total = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; ++i) {
		total += date[i];
	}
	total += d;
	if (m > 2) {
		total += (y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0);
	}
	return total;
}
int delt(int p, int q) {
	int total = 0;
	for (p; p < q; ++p) {
		if (p % 4 == 0 && p % 100 != 0 || p % 400 == 0) {
			total += 366;
		}
		else {
			total += 365;
		}
	}
	return total;
}
void printCalender(int y, int m) {
	int leap = isLeap(y), d = 1;
	int date[][13] = { {0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31},
						{0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31} };
	int week = (delt(1970, y) - DOY(1970, 1, 5) + DOY(y, m, 1)) % 7 + 1;
	printf("\nI---The Calender of %d.%2d---I\n", y, m);
	printf("I SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT I\nI");
	//打印第一行
	for (int i = week; i != 0; --i) {
		printf("    ");
	}
	for (int i = 7 - week; i != 0; --i) {
		printf("  %2d", d);
		++d;
	}
	printf(" I");
	//打印剩余日期
	while (d <= date[leap][m]) {
		printf("\nI");
		for (week = 7; week != 0; --week) {
			printf("  %2d", d);
			++d;
			if (d > date[leap][m])
				goto lable;
		}
		printf(" I");
	}
	//打印末尾的空格
lable:
	for (--week; week != 0; --week) {
		printf("    ");
	}
	puts(" I");
	puts("I-----------------------------I");
}
int main() {
	unsigned year, mon;
	printf("Please input the year and month whose calender you want to know: ");
	scanf("%d%d", &year, &mon);
	printCalender(year, mon);
	system("pause");
}

练习5.6

输入一个年份,输出该年份的日历。如下图:
图5.6例
图5.6
<main.c>

#include"calender.h"
//相关函数见上题
void printCalender(int y) {
	//leap控制平闰年,m控制月份,n控制打印左右
	int leap = isLeap(y), m = 1, n;
	int date[][13] = { {0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31},
						{0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31} };
	int week[2];
	int d[2];
	printf("\nI---------------------- The Calender of %d ----------------------I\n", y);
	while (m != 7) {
		week[0] = (delt(1970, y) - DOY(1970, 1, 5) + DOY(y, m, 1)) % 7 + 1;
		week[1] = (delt(1970, y) - DOY(1970, 1, 5) + DOY(y, m+6, 1)) % 7 + 1;
		d[0] = 1;
		d[1] = 1;
		printf("I<%2d> SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT <%2d> SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT I\nI", m, m + 6);
		//打印第一行
		n = 0;
		while (n != 2) {
			for (int i = week[n]; 0 <= i && i < 7 ; --i) {
				printf("    ");
			}
			if (week[n] == 7) {
				printf("    ");
				week[n] = 0;
			}
			for (int i = 7 - week[n]; i != 0; --i) {
				printf("  %2d", d[n]);
				++d[n];
			}
			printf(" ");
			++n;
		}
		printf("I");
		//打印剩余日期
		while (d[0] <= date[leap][m]||d[1] <= date[leap][m+6]) {
			printf("\nI");
			n = 0;
			while (n != 2) {
				printf("    ");
				for (week[n] = 7; week[n] != 0 && (d[0] <= date[leap][m] || d[1] <= date[leap][m + 6]); --week[n]) {
					if (d[n] <= date[leap][m + n * 6]) {
						printf("  %2d", d[n]);
					}
					else {
						printf("    ");
					}
					++d[n];
				}
				printf(" ");
				++n;
				//若此时右边月份已经打印完毕,该for循环用于打印左边月份末尾的空格
				if (d[1] > date[leap][m + 6] && d[0] > date[leap][m]) {
					for (; week[0] != 0; --week[0]) {
						printf("    ");
					}
				}
			}
			//该for循环用于打印右边月份末尾的空格
			for (; week[1] != 0; --week[1]) {
				printf("    ");
			}
			printf("I");
		}
		++m;
		printf("\n");
	}
	printf("I--------------------------- WONDERFUL ----------------------------I\n");
}

int main() {
	unsigned year;
	printf("Please input the year whose calender you want to know: ");
	scanf("%d", &year);
	printCalender(year);
	system("pause");
}
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