MySQL操作（Day01）

常见案例（基础查询）

#1.	下面的语句是否可以执行成功  
SELECT last_name , job_id , salary AS sal
FROM employees; 

#2.下面的语句是否可以执行成功  
SELECT  *  FROM employees; 

#3.找出下面语句中的错误 
SELECT employee_id , last_name,
salary * 12 AS "ANNUAL  SALARY"
FROM employees;

#4.显示表departments的结构，并查询其中的全部数据

DESC departments;
SELECT * FROM `departments`;

#5.显示出表employees中的全部job_id（不能重复）
SELECT DISTINCT job_id FROM employees;

#6.显示出表employees的全部列，各个列之间用逗号连接，列头显示成OUT_PUT

SELECT 
	IFNULL(commission_pct,0) AS 奖金率,
	commission_pct
FROM 
	employees;
	
	
#-------------------------------------------

SELECT	CONCAT(`first_name`,',',`last_name`,',',`job_id`,',',IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) AS out_put
FROM
	employees;

常见命令

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7600]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Windows\system32>net stop mysql0815
MySQL0815 服务正在停止.
MySQL0815 服务已成功停止。


C:\Windows\system32>net start mysql0815
MySQL0815 服务正在启动 .
MySQL0815 服务已经启动成功。


C:\Windows\system32>mysql -h localhost -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye

C:\Windows\system32>mysql -h localhost -P 3306 -u root -proot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit
Bye

C:\Windows\system32>mysql -u root -proot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables from mysql;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| host                      |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| servers                   |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test       |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table stuinfo(
    -> id int,
    -> name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| stuinfo        |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc stuinfo;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stuinfo;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into stuinfo (id,name) values(1,'john');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into stuinfo (id,name) values(2,'rose');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stuinfo;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | john |
|    2 | rose |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update stuinfo set name='lilei' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from stuinfo;
+------+-------+
| id   | name  |
+------+-------+
|    1 | lilei |
|    2 | rose  |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from stuinfo where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stuinfo;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    2 | rose |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.5.15    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

C:\Windows\system32>mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.15, for Win32 (x86)

C:\Windows\system32>mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.15, for Win32 (x86)

C:\Windows\system32>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES\g
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> select * from stuinfo;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    2 | rose |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select *
    -> from stuinfo;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    2 | rose |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT
    -> *
    -> FROM
    -> stuinfo;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    2 | rose |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from stuinfo;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    2 | rose |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> #select * from stuinfo;
mysql>

基础查询

#进阶1：基础查询
/*
语法：
select 查询列表 from 表名;


类似于：System.out.println(打印东西);

特点：

1、查询列表可以是：表中的字段、常量值、表达式、函数
2、查询的结果是一个虚拟的表格
*/

USE myemployees;

#1.查询表中的单个字段

SELECT last_name FROM employees;

#2.查询表中的多个字段
SELECT last_name,salary,email FROM employees;

#3.查询表中的所有字段

#方式一：
SELECT 
    `employee_id`,
    `first_name`,
    `last_name`,
    `phone_number`,
    `last_name`,
    `job_id`,
    `phone_number`,
    `job_id`,
    `salary`,
    `commission_pct`,
    `manager_id`,
    `department_id`,
    `hiredate` 
FROM
    employees ;
#方式二：  
 SELECT * FROM employees;
 
 #4.查询常量值
 SELECT 100;
 SELECT 'john';
 
 #5.查询表达式
 SELECT 100%98;
 
 #6.查询函数
 
 SELECT VERSION();
 
 
 #7.起别名
 /*
 ①便于理解
 ②如果要查询的字段有重名的情况，使用别名可以区分开来
 
 */
 #方式一：使用as
SELECT 100%98 AS 结果;
SELECT last_name AS 姓,first_name AS 名 FROM employees;

#方式二：使用空格
SELECT last_name 姓,first_name 名 FROM employees;


#案例：查询salary，显示结果为 out put
SELECT salary AS "out put" FROM employees;


#8.去重


#案例：查询员工表中涉及到的所有的部门编号
SELECT DISTINCT department_id FROM employees;


#9.+号的作用

/*

java中的+号：
①运算符，两个操作数都为数值型
②连接符，只要有一个操作数为字符串

mysql中的+号：
仅仅只有一个功能：运算符

select 100+90; 两个操作数都为数值型，则做加法运算
select '123'+90;只要其中一方为字符型，试图将字符型数值转换成数值型
			如果转换成功，则继续做加法运算
select 'john'+90;	如果转换失败，则将字符型数值转换成0

select null+10; 只要其中一方为null，则结果肯定为null

*/

#案例：查询员工名和姓连接成一个字段，并显示为 姓名


SELECT CONCAT('a','b','c') AS 结果;

SELECT 
	CONCAT(last_name,first_name) AS 姓名
FROM
	employees;

条件查询

#进阶2：条件查询
/*

语法：
	select 
		查询列表
	from
		表名
	where
		筛选条件;

分类：
	一、按条件表达式筛选
	
	简单条件运算符：> < = != <> >= <=
	
	二、按逻辑表达式筛选
	逻辑运算符：
	作用：用于连接条件表达式
		&& || !
		and or not
		
	&&和and：两个条件都为true，结果为true，反之为false
	||或or： 只要有一个条件为true，结果为true，反之为false
	!或not： 如果连接的条件本身为false，结果为true，反之为false
	
	三、模糊查询
		like
		between and
		in
		is null
	
*/
#一、按条件表达式筛选

#案例1：查询工资>12000的员工信息

SELECT 
	*
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	salary>12000;
	
	
#案例2：查询部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号
SELECT 
	last_name,
	department_id
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	department_id<>90;

#二、按逻辑表达式筛选

#案例1：查询工资z在10000到20000之间的员工名、工资以及奖金
SELECT
	last_name,
	salary,
	commission_pct
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	salary>=10000 AND salary<=20000;
#案例2：查询部门编号不是在90到110之间，或者工资高于15000的员工信息
SELECT
	*
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	NOT(department_id>=90 AND  department_id<=110) OR salary>15000;
#三、模糊查询
/*
like	
	
between and
in
is null|is not null

*/
#1.like
/*
特点：
①一般和通配符搭配使用
	通配符：
	% 任意多个字符,包含0个字符
	_ 任意单个字符
*、

#案例1：查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息

select 
	*
from
	employees
where
	last_name like '%a%';#abc
#案例2：查询员工名中第三个字符为e，第五个字符为a的员工名和工资
select
	last_name,
	salary
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	last_name LIKE '__n_l%';



#案例3：查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名

SELECT
	last_name
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	last_name LIKE '_$_%' ESCAPE '$';
#2.between and
/*
①使用between and 可以提高语句的简洁度
②包含临界值
③两个临界值不要调换顺序

*/


#案例1：查询员工编号在100到120之间的员工信息

SELECT
	*
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	employee_id >= 120 AND employee_id<=100;
#----------------------
SELECT
	*
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	employee_id BETWEEN 120 AND 100;

#3.in
/*
含义：判断某字段的值是否属于in列表中的某一项
特点：
	①使用in提高语句简洁度
	②in列表的值类型必须一致或兼容
	③in列表中不支持通配符
	

*/
#案例：查询员工的工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号

SELECT
	last_name,
	job_id
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	job_id = 'IT_PROT' OR job_id = 'AD_VP' OR JOB_ID ='AD_PRES';


#------------------

SELECT
	last_name,
	job_id
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	job_id IN( 'IT_PROT' ,'AD_VP','AD_PRES');

#4、is null
/*
=或<>不能用于判断null值
is null或is not null 可以判断null值

*/

#案例1：查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
	last_name,
	commission_pct
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	commission_pct IS NULL;


#案例1：查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
	last_name,
	commission_pct
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	commission_pct IS NOT NULL;

#----------以下为×
SELECT
	last_name,
	commission_pct
FROM
	employees

WHERE 
	salary IS 12000;
	
	
#安全等于  <=>


#案例1：查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
	last_name,
	commission_pct
FROM
	employees
WHERE
	commission_pct <=>NULL;
	
	
#案例2：查询工资为12000的员工信息
SELECT
	last_name,
	salary
FROM
	employees

WHERE 
	salary <=> 12000;
	

#is null pk <=>

IS NULL:仅仅可以判断NULL值，可读性较高，建议使用
<=>    :既可以判断NULL值，又可以判断普通的数值，可读性较低